日粮添加赛乐硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响

选用7头体重420 kg,2.5岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛,采用7×7拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加赛乐硒(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)和Na2SeO3(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响。结果表明,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃pH值显著低于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。各处理组瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组,但赛乐硒与Na2SeO3处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组丙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3各组及对照组,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组乙酸/丙酸显著低于Na2SeO3各组及对照组(P<0.05)。15.0mg/d赛乐硒组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维有效降解率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕干物质有效降解率显著高于对照组,15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕粗蛋白质有效降解率显著高于7.5 mg/d赛乐硒组(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组尿嘌呤衍生物含量显著高于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。赛乐硒较Na2SeO3显著促进瘤胃发酵,促进瘤胃纤维等营养物质的分解,促进蛋白质的合成,适宜补充量为7.5~15.0 mg/d。     

酵母培养物对反刍动物作用的研究进展

本文就直接饲喂微生物——酵母培养物的概念,现阶段酵母培养物对反刍动物瘤胃环境作用的生理生化基础的相关研究进展,以及几种对酵母培养基的作用机理解释。另外又对酵母培养物对反刍动物作用效果及影响酵母培养物的因素等5个方面进行了概述。     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.     

绿洲区苜蓿与鸭茅混播饲草的青贮发酵品质研究

以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)混播草地牧草为材料,按照90%苜蓿+10%鸭茅、70%苜蓿+30%鸭茅、50%苜蓿+50%鸭茅的比例进行青贮,通过分析对比发酵品质、营养成分、感官青贮效果等,以期优化最佳混合青贮的豆∶禾比例。试验结果表明:苜蓿和鸭茅混合青贮后,气味、质地、色泽感官评定均为优良,且pH呈下降趋势,青贮效果优于苜蓿和鸭茅的单独青贮。混合青贮降低了苜蓿青贮中氨态氮含量的36.4%,鸭茅青贮中乙酸、丙酸的含量明显下降;提高了苜蓿青贮中乳酸的含量,有效抑制了丁酸的产生,苜蓿+鸭茅饲草混贮比例为7∶3和5∶5处理结果未检测出丁酸。3个混合青贮组合的粗蛋白含量高出鸭茅单贮31.9%,酸性洗涤纤维低于鸭茅青贮12.6%。在青贮发酵过程中,苜蓿+鸭茅以7∶3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。     

Effects of amino nitrogen on fermentation parameters by mixed ruminal microbes when energy or nitrogen is limited

Ruminal microbes harvested from a ruminally fistulated cow were incubated in simple batch and semicontinuous cultures with NH₃‐N or amino‐N on nitrogen‐ or energy‐excess diets in quantity (HN and LN diets, respectively, consisting of timothy hay plus soybean meal, or corn grain), based on evaluation with the National Research Council and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System models. In a batch culture experiment, supplementation with amino‐N promoted digestion and fermentation in the course of incubation (4–24 h) on both diets, but these effects mostly disappeared when the diets were sufficiently digested (at 48 h). In a semicontinuous culture experiment using Rusitec, no effect of amino‐N was exhibited after sufficient fermentation and digestion, but significant promotion of digestion was shown in the course of incubation on the HN diet, while no such effect was detected on the LN diet. The microbial yield for 24 h did not show a significant difference between the N sources of either of the two diets. These results suggest that the stimulatory effects of amino‐N are diminished when the diets are sufficiently digested after a long retention and incubation, and also that the effectiveness of amino‐N does not require a quantitatively energy‐excess status.     

浅谈发酵床养猪工艺特点及与传统集约化养猪工艺比较

作者综述了发酵床养猪工艺的起源、特点,并与传统集约化养猪工艺进行了比较,为研究和使用发酵床养猪工艺提供一些参考。     

柳树叶饲料化调制加工技术研究

为了探索垂柳(Salix babylonica)树叶的饲料化加工技术,在研究6个生育期(展叶期、开花初期、飞絮期、青绿期、枯黄期、落叶期)柳树叶营养物质含量变化的基础上,分别将其调制成青贮饲料,测定并比较不同生育期柳树叶制备青贮饲料的营养物质含量及发酵品质指标,并对枯黄期和落叶期树叶进行添加乳酸菌菌剂青贮对比试验。结果表明,根据原料营养物质判断,展叶期柳树叶营养品质与优质豆科牧草品质近似,但是随着生育期的延迟,柳树叶营养物质含量和饲用价值显著下降。将不同生育期柳树叶直接青贮之后,无品质改善效果,青贮饲料发酵品质差,饲用价值不大。但是,添加乳酸菌菌剂后调制的柳树叶青贮饲料发酵品质得到了显著改善。综上表明,柳树叶如果直接饲喂利用,最好选择在较为幼嫩的展叶期;如果开发利用其他生育期或枯落后的柳树叶,以添加乳酸菌菌剂调制成青贮饲料为好。     

紧实度对青贮玉米有氧稳定期发酵品质、微生物数量的效应研究

本研究旨在分析不同紧实度对全株玉米青贮有氧暴露期间发酵品质和微生物变化的影响,为生产实践选择适宜的青贮紧实度提供参考。以新饲玉10号青贮玉米为材料,发酵装料密度设计为5个梯度(350,400,500,600,700 kg/m³),发酵期为50 d,检测开窖后各紧实度处理第12,24,36,60,108 h青贮发酵品质和主要微生物的变化,并用多通道温度记录仪监测温度变化。结果表明,有氧暴露时间与紧实度的交互作用对pH、乳酸、乙酸和氨态氮含量以及乳酸菌、霉菌、酵母菌和好氧细菌数量产生极显著影响(P<0.01)。开窖108 h后,紧实度为600 kg/m³青贮饲料的乳酸菌数量最多,达到8.17 lg cfu/g FW,其pH值和氨态氮含量最低,霉菌和酵母菌数量最少,分别为5.38和7.72 lg cfu/g FW;且紧实度600 kg/m³有氧暴露后稳定的时间显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),达到100 h。通过综合评价,在有氧暴露后紧实度为600 kg/m³的全株玉米青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性最好,建议600 kg/m³为全株玉米最佳青贮紧实度。     

饲粮氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮不同氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响.试验选择4头体重相近[(148.5±9.2)kg]的3岁去势天祝白牦牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验共分4期,每期21 d,4个饲粮氮水平[干物质(DM)基础]分别为低氮[粗蛋白质(CP)8.98%]、中低氮(CP 12.36%)、中高氮(CP 15...     

西藏地区不同牧草体外发酵特性研究

本文旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同牧草营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见牧草,通过单因素试验设计,利用体外产气法评定5种牧草体外发酵48 h累积产气量、理论最大产气量(V_f)、初始产气速率(FRD_0)、达到最大产气量一半时所需时间(t_(0.5))、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、体外中性洗涤纤维消失率(IVNDFD)、p H、氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产量。结果表明,体外发酵48 h后,苇状羊茅体外48 h累积产气量、V_f、FRD_0、IVDMD及甲烷(CH_4)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05),但其体外发酵p H及乙酸/丙酸显著低于其他4种牧草(P0.05);紫花苜蓿体外NH_3-N浓度最高,显著高于其他4种牧草(P0.05)。综上分析,苇状羊茅体外发酵效果最佳,与其他试验牧草相比,更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。