山羊高床舍饲配套饲养技术探讨

山羊高床舍饲技术通过修建标准化山羊圈舍，实现山羊饲养过程中对山羊个体的有效控制和辅助，降低饲养劳动量和劳动强度；通过带动种草养羊、养羊与沼气结合，在实现山羊饲养的同时，促进了退耕还草、封山育林等生态建设项目的实施。     

昆虫病原线虫JLSY 003的鉴定及其生物学特性测定

经28S rDNA和ITS序列分析,从吉林省松原市土样中分离到的昆虫病原线虫JLSY 003为Oscheius myriophila品系.本研究以大蜡螟末龄幼虫为寄主,测定该线虫的生物学特性.结果表明,JLSY 003浓度为80IJs/larva时具有较高的侵染力,致死中时间LT50为15.409 h,侵染24、48h...     

添加不同酵母培养物对瘤胃纤维分解菌群和纤维素酶活的影响

用3种酵母培养物(YC- 1、YC 2和YC- 3)分别饲喂4头带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的肉牛,研究培养物对瘤胃发酵、纤维分解酶活性和3种纤维分解菌数量的影响,结果表明:YC 2处理的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总 VFA浓度显著高于对照组(P<0 .05),YC 1和YC 3处理的乙酸/丙酸比例显著降低(P<0 .01);各处理均能显著提高瘤胃内羧甲基纤维素酶、水杨苷酶和木聚糖酶的活性(P<0 .01);各处理都显著提高黄化瘤胃球菌的相对比例(P<0 .01),16SrRNA特异性寡聚核苷酸探针杂交法分析测定结果表明 3 种纤维分解菌在瘤胃细菌中所占比例为 3. 80%±0 .2%。     

甜菜褐斑病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 Three hundred and one endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from healthy sugar beet plants in severely diseased plots in Changji County,Xinjiang Province.Three endophytic bacteria strains,1-5,4-1 and 4-3,showed relatively strong antagonistic against Cercospora beticola.Strain 1-5 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa,while strains 4-1 and 4-3 were as Bacillus flexus and Stenotrophomonas sp. by their morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results from several experiment trials showed that the endophytic bacteria could reduce the disease incidence of sugar beet.The control efficiency reached from 67.6% to 80.2%, indicating that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an alternative and potential method to control sugar beet fungi disease.     

Distribution of phosphatase activity and various bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere of Hordeum vulgare L. depending on P availability

Despite the importance of the rhizosphere for nutrient turnover, little is known about the spatial patterns of organic phosphorus mineralization by plants and by microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Therefore, the distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance of bacteria belonging to various bacterial phyla were investigated in the rhizosphere of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as dependent on the availability of inorganic P. For this purpose, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with barley growing in inclined boxes that can be opened to the bottom side (rhizoboxes), and applied soil zymography and fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH). Acid phosphatase activity was strongly associated with the root and was highest at the root tips. Due to P fertilization, acid phosphatase activity decreased in the bulk soil, and less strongly in the rhizosphere. Alkaline phosphatase activity, i.e., microbial phosphatase activity was high throughout the soil in the control treatment and was reduced due to inorganic P fertilization especially in the rhizosphere and less strongly in the bulk soil. P-fertilization slightly increased the total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere. Moreover, P-fertilization decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and increased the abundances of Beta- and Gamma-Proteobacteria. The total number of bacterial cells was significantly higher at the root surface than at the root tip and at a distance of 30 μm from the root surface. Our results show that alkaline phosphatase activity decreased more strongly in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil due to P fertilization, which might be because of greater C deficiency in the bulk soil compared to the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the results indicate a spatial separation between hotspots of acid phosphatase activity and hotspots of bacteria in the rhizosphere of H. vulgare. Taken together, our study shows that bacteria and phosphatase activity were very heterogeneously distributed in soil, and that the effects of P fertilization on phosphatase activity differed strongly between bulk soil and rhizosphere as well as between various zones of the rhizosphere.     

富平关中奶山羊临床型乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定

为进一步探讨关中奶山羊乳房炎感染病原菌的情况,对富平县三个不同乡镇的79头患病奶山羊,共118份奶样进行分离鉴定,共分离出7种共126个菌株.其中大肠杆菌36株,占28.5%;金黄色葡萄球菌28株,占22.2%;绿脓杆菌23株,占18.3%;链球菌21株,占16.7%;变形杆菌8株,占6.3%;蜡样芽孢杆菌6株,占4.8%;酵母菌4株,占3.2%.认为该研究区域的关中奶山羊乳房炎主要是由大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、链球菌所致.     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

花绒寄甲对高温胁迫的适应能力及生理响应

商品化天敌昆虫在我国不同区域释放可能受到极端温度的影响和制约.花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides(Fairmaire)是松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope等蛀干害虫的重要天敌之一,具有良好的应用前景,但其在我国南方应用时控害效果常不稳定.以商品化花绒寄甲成虫为研究对象,并以...     

银杏内生细菌防治辣椒疫病研究

从健康银杏植株叶片中分离到108 株内生细菌,通过平板测试从中筛选获得35 株对辣椒疫霉菌Phytophthora capsici具有拮抗作用的菌株.温室盆栽试验证明,菌株 Zy44、Fy11、Hy7、Hy14 和 Zy25 对辣椒疫病防效显著,其中Zy44 和 Fy11 发酵液在辣椒疫霉菌接种 20 d 后防效分别为 62%和 52.33%;经形态观察、生理生化特征测试、16S rDNA序列和gyrB基因序列分析,鉴定这两个菌株为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;其发酵滤液及酸沉淀获得的脂肽类抑菌物质对盆栽辣椒苗疫病的防治试验结果表明,菌株 Zy44 的防效高于 Fy11,且脂肽类物质的防效高于发酵滤液;显微镜观察发现菌株 Zy44的脂肽类抑菌物质可导致辣椒疫霉菌菌丝体膨大, 分枝增多, 成簇状,并显著抑制孢子囊的形成.     

花椒良种选育研究

在对韩城市大红袍产量、品质等进行调查的基础上,通过选优对比试验,选育出了狮子头、无刺椒及南强1号优良品种,该品种具有丰产性能强、品质优、易采摘(无刺或错开集中成熟期)等优良特性。