肝片吸虫虫卵的人工孵化及感染萝卜螺试验

 采用自然感染肝片吸虫的牛肝,用人工分离的方式取出肝脏、胆囊中的虫卵及肝片吸虫子宫中的虫卵,分别在池塘水、无氯自来水和冷开水中进行人工培养观察。结果表明:在实验室室温下（15～21 ℃）虫卵发育较缓慢,至第31 d才孵出毛蚴。恒温条件（28 ℃）下只需10～13 d即可孵出毛蚴。用无氯自来水孵化较好,用椭圆萝卜螺（Radix swinhoei）进行感染并能在其中顺利发育。     

山羊和水牛感染肝片吸虫后的细胞免疫研究

本研究采用间接法检测了山羊和水牛人工感染肝片吸虫后外周血液中淋巴细胞增殖能力，自然杀伤（NK）活性和分泌白细胞介质－2（IL－2）的水平，结果表明两组山羊（分别一次感染200或500个囊蚴）感染后的淋巴细胞转化率呈显著下降趋势（P＜0．05，或P＜0．01），水牛（每头慢性感染1200个囊蚴）的淋巴细胞转化率呈显著升高趋势（P＜0．05），未感染水牛的NK活性比山羊的高，感染水牛的NK活性无显著的变化，感染山羊的NK活性有两次高峰，未感染水牛的IL－2水平比山羊高，感染水牛和山羊的淋巴细胞分泌IL－2的水平都有所升高（P＜0．05；或P＜0．01），而感染水牛和山羊的淋巴细胞在体外对重组牛IL－2（r-IL-2)的增殖反应降低，这表明还存在某些因素影响着IL－2参与到TH1细胞群保护性免疫中来，总之，水牛比山羊对肝片吸虫的天然免疫力强，肝片吸虫的感染导致出山羊细胞免疫呈抑制状态，而水牛保持了较高水平的细胞免疫能力。     

Fasciola hepatica infection in farmed emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Objective To describe two cases of infection with Fasciola hepatica i n young farmed emus, subacute and chronic fasci-olosis and a response to treatment of the flock with albenda-zole.
Procedure Gross lesions were found at necropsy and hepatic lesions in microscopic examination. The parasite recovered from one emu was identified by its morphological characteristics and an egg count reduction test was carried out after treatment of the flock with albendazole.
Results Hepatic lesions resembling subacute and chronic fasciolosis of ruminants were identified. An adult fluke was recovered from the liver of one of the birds and was identified as F hepatica . The eggs of the fluke were irregular in shape and size. No fluke eggs were identifiable in faeces of live emus 10 days after treatment of the flock with albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
Conclusions This is the first reported case of infection with F hepatica i n farmed emus and the first report of the occurrence of Fasciola infection is the class Aves. The irregular shape and size of the eggs may be attributable to infection of an aberrant host. Treatment with albendazole eliminated eggs from the faeces of the flock.     

两种驱虫药对肝片吸虫体内γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响

用ＨＰＬＣ法测定在加了不同浓度硝氯酚和丙硫咪唑的Ｒ氏液中体外培养的肝片吸虫体内γ＿氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）的含量，结果证实硝氯酚能极显著地降低肝片吸虫体内ＧＡＢＡ含量，丙硫咪唑对肝片吸虫体内ＧＡＢＡ含量无显著性影响，硝氯酚的抗肝片吸虫作用可能与ＧＡＢＡ有关，丙硫咪唑的抗吸虫作用可能与ＧＡＢＡ无关。     

斑点杂交试验检测小土窝螺的肝片吸虫感染

用斑点杂交试验检测苏、皖7县市肝片吸虫中间宿主小土窝螺(Galba pervia),共检测小土窝螺777个,阳性33个,阳性率为4.25%,其中江苏省小土窝螺的阳性率为4.46%,安徽省小土窝螺的阳性率是4.11%.结果表明本地水牛肝片吸虫感染率与小土窝螺阳性率呈正相关趋势,斑点杂交试验检测中间宿主小土窝螺可预测牛羊感染肝片吸虫的严重程度,是流行病学调查中值得采用的新技术.     

肝片吸虫对奶牛生理生化水平的影响及分析

[目的]试验选择济南地区3个奶牛场中5头感染肝片吸虫的奶牛和5头健康奶牛为试验动物,对感染肝片吸虫的奶牛生理生化指标进行了探讨。[方法]通过对奶牛体温、呼吸、心率和血液中红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白和红细胞压积的测定来观察奶牛机体生理指标的影响;通过对血清中血糖、谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素的测定来观察肝片吸虫对奶牛血液生化指标的影响。[结果]感染肝片吸虫的奶牛体温、呼吸和心跳与对照组相比显著升高,血液红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白降低,白细胞总数升高;血清中血糖、谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素的含量与健康组相比显著升高。[结论]肝片吸虫对奶牛的生理和生化水平都有一定程度的影响。     

胰吸虫与肝片形吸虫成虫抗原的酶联免疫印迹分析

用SDS-PAGE和酶联免疫印迹试验(ELIB)分析胰吸虫成虫(EP）及其与肝片形吸虫成虫(Fh)交叉／共同抗原的分子量和免疫活性。SDS-PAGE结果显示，胰吸虫和肝片形吸虫成虫抗原的多肽均达30余条，EP抗原分子量在123kd以下，主带4条；Fb抗原分子量在83kd以下，主带4条；两者具相同分子量的多肽6条。ELIB结果显示，抗原与同源抗血清呈现颜色较深、数量较多的区带，而与异源抗血清则呈现数量不等的交叉／共同反应区带，表明两虫之间存在交叉／共同抗原性多肽。     

Study on Blood Cell Immune Response in Water Buffaloes Infected Acutely with F. hepatica

Action mechanism of blood cell immune response in water buffaloes against acute infection with F. Hepatica was studied. The results showed that after water buffaloes were infected, the total levels of WBC surpassed control group during whole infection period; Eosinophiles (%) of DC were higher than control group at the 2nd week until 19th week, and then dropped and was close to control group; Neutrophiles(%)was low or significantly lower than control group within the 5 - 16th weeks; The total levels of lymphocytes (%) was lower than control group during the whole infection period; T-lymphocytes (%) dropped significantly, but B-lymphocytes(%) had opposite changes from the first week of infection, and they were close to the control group after 11 weeks; RBC-CR1 and RBC-IC rosette rates dropped and rose during 2 - 16 and 2- 18 weeks, respectively, and then approached the same between both groups. It was suggested that the violent changes of specific and nonspecific immune responses in water buffaloes with acute F. hepatica infection are related with the mechanism against infection with F. hepatica together.     

硝氯酚和福诺得驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的比较试验

应用硝氯酚和福诺得在绵羊中进行了驱除肝片吸虫效果的比较试验.结果表明,硝氯酚按5mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.17%;福诺得按13mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.34%,两者的驱虫效果相似,但在应用时硝氯酚剂量稍大会出现中毒反应,剂量过小则效果不佳.建议驱除绵羊肝片吸虫时尽量应用福诺得.     

南京地区奶牛肝片吸虫和前后盘吸虫感染初报

采用粪便学检查,对南京部分奶牛小区和农户散养的220头奶牛进行肝片吸虫和前后盘吸虫感染情况调查。结果表明:肝片吸虫阳性57头,阳性率为25.91%(57/220),其中大厂的阳性率为30.77%(16/52),龙潭的阳性率为21.43%(3/14),谷里的阳性率为23.08%(21/91),麒麟的阳性率为39.39%(13/33),汤山的阳性率为11.76%(2/17),燕子玑的阳性率为15.38%(2/13);前后盘吸虫阳性106头,阳性率为48.18%(106/220),其中大厂的阳性率为42.31%(22/52),龙潭的阳性率为42.86%(6/14),谷里的阳性率为50.55%(46/91),麒麟的阳性率为45.45%(15/33),汤山的阳性率为47.06%(8/17),燕子玑的阳性率为69.23%(9/13)。经统计学分析,各区、各乡镇间的两种吸虫的感染均无显著差异(p>0.05),不同年龄两种吸虫的感染亦无显著差异(p>0.05),但随年龄的增加两种吸虫的感染率有上升的趋势。