草鱼肝微粒体的提取及CYP酶活性的测定

CYP酶代谢是药物生物转化的主要途径,其数量和活性大小直接影响药物在体内的活化与代谢。我们对草鱼肝微粒体CYP酶含量及其活性进行了初步研究,以差速离心法提取草鱼肝微粒体,以CO还原差示光谱法测得CYP酶及细胞色素b5含量分别为0.619±0.102 nmol/mg、0.264±0.042 nmol/mg。以7-乙氧异吩噁唑酮-O-脱乙基反应、苯胺-4-羟化反应、氨基比林-N-脱甲基反应作为CYP1A、CYP2E、CYP3A的探针反应,测得EROD酶活为0.043±0.004 nmol/mg/min,ANH酶活为0.028±0.002 nmol/mg/min,AMND酶活为0.207±0.035 nmol/mg/m in。结果表明草鱼肝微粒体中CYP酶发育完好,并且具有参与药物代谢的3种主要亚型活性,其含量与活性大小与其它实验动物相差较大。本实验的方法与结果为草鱼CYP酶的系统研究提供可靠手段,最终为指导水产合理用药提供理论依据。     

美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝功能的影响

[目的]探讨美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝功能的影响。[方法]采用腹腔注射猪血清法诱导大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型,在造模的同时分别用不同剂量的受试药物(美洲大蠊总提取物和美蠊氨)干预,以秋水仙碱为阳性对照药,分别于试验第4周和第12周结束时取血检测血清中ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)和TBIL(总胆红素)的含量,并在第12周结束时处死大鼠,取肝脏称重并计算肝脏指数。[结果]试验4周后,美洲大蠊总提取物能明显降低大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBIL的含量。试验12周后,美蠊氨能明显降低大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBIL的含量,但此时美洲大蠊总提取物对3个指标的影响不大。[结论]美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化具有一定的防治作用,能明显改善肝功能。     

The effect of hepatic passage on postprandial plasma lipid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a single meal

For the first time, pre‐ and post‐hepatic plasma lipid profiles were monitored following a single meal in a free‐swimming, non‐anaesthetized fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 700–1500 g; 10 °C) were equipped with cannulae in the dorsal aorta (DA) and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Simultaneous blood samples, taken from both cannulae at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postprandial, revealed the time course of the plasma lipid profiles following a single meal (1% of body mass). Primarily monounsaturated fatty acids with the exception of 18:1n ? 9, increased significantly from baseline by 12 h postprandial without greatly affecting total plasma lipid concentrations. Total plasma lipids then showed a small peak at 24 h postprandial, coinciding with a peak in triacylglycerols. We conclude that assimilation of lipids from the digest into the plasma is slower than reported for proteins and carbohydrates in the same species. Furthermore, as there were no significant differences between the HPV and DA, no measurable effect of hepatic passage on plasma lipid levels was resolved. Therefore, we also conclude that, in contrast to that in higher vertebrates, hepatic passage does not seem to have a major role in rainbow trout for modulating the postprandial plasma profile of lipids.     

缺磷症和肝功障碍奶牛血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶的诊断价值

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分析了81头健康、26头缺磷症、30头肝功障碍和17头缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的血清AKP同功酶,并以热灭活试验鉴定其组织来源,探讨了该酶对奶牛缺磷症和肝功障碍的诊断价值。结果表明,健康和病牛血清中均有5条带,其中快带(SF)和慢-1(SS-1)存在于全部血清样中,其余3条慢带仅在部分血清中出现。具有诊断意义的SF和SS-1分别来源于肝脏和骨骼。健康牛的肝带和骨带均无弥散现象,两带间有明显间隔;缺磷症牛的骨带弥散并与肝带相连,形成一条宽而着色深的酶带;肝功障碍牛的肝带弥散,着色加深,但与骨带有间隙;缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的肝带和骨带均有弥散,形成一条很宽而着色很深的酶带。上述酶谱变化可作为奶牛缺磷症和(或)肝功障碍的重要诊断指标。     

Evaluation of sedative,analgesic, physiological,and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves

The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the effects of different doses of intravenous xylazine and medetomidine on sedation and antinociception scores, and physiological and laboratory parameters in dromedary calves. Thirty clinically healthy male dromedary calves 15 ± 2 weeks old and weighing 95 ± 5.5 kg were studied. Two groups received xylazine at low (0.2 mg/kg) and high (0.4 mg/kg) doses. Two groups received medetomidine at low (10 µg/kg) and high (20 µg/kg) doses. One group received normal saline. Sedation signs were scored using a 3‐point scale. Analgesic effect was analyzed using pinpricks. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Sedation and antinociception scores of the animals 1 hr after receiving the higher dose of xylazine and medetomidine were significantly higher than that of other groups. Compared with other studied groups, the animals receiving the higher dose of xylazine showed significantly higher potassium and creatinine serum levels after 24 hr. Doses as high as 0.4 mg/kg for xylazine and 20 µg/kg for medetomidine can be considered safe and useful for procedures associated with mild pain in dromedary calves.     

Abdominal CT evaluation of the liver and spleen for staging mast cell tumors in dogs yields nonspecific results

Canine mast cell tumor staging is commonly performed using abdominal ultrasonography and fine‐needle aspiration cytology of masses, lymph nodes, and hepatic and splenic parenchyma. Computed tomography is used for abdominal, thoracic, or whole body imaging in staging mast cell tumors in the authors’ institution enabling evaluation of multiple body areas in one examination. The aim of this study was to compare the CT examinations acquired for staging of mast cell disease to their subsequent liver and spleen cytology findings. Medical records of dogs with primary mast cell tumors that underwent abdominal CT and concurrent liver and spleen aspirates were reviewed. The CT examinations were evaluated for attenuation, size, and margination of the liver and spleen. The relationship between CT findings and cytology results was analyzed. Forty‐nine dogs matched the inclusion criteria: five of forty‐nine dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors were positive for metastasis from liver and/or spleen aspirates. Of the five dogs with cytological evidence of liver or spleen metastasis, four had normal CT liver attenuation and size, one dog had concurrent primary hepatocellular neoplasia, four dogs had abnormal splenic parenchyma (two nodular and two diffuse heterogeneity), and one dog had a normal attenuation of the spleen. In four dogs, the spleen was subjectively enlarged. Computed tomographic evaluation of the liver showed no consistent pattern associated with mast cell metastasis and did not predict cytology results. Multifocal splenic hypoattenuating lesions more commonly coincided with mast cell metastasis. Sampling of the liver and spleen remains to be considered in the absence of abnormal CT findings for full staging.     

Evaluation of hepatic and renal function in cats with chediak-higashi syndrome

Cats with the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) have partial oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding tendency, and enlarged cytoplasmic granules in many cell types including those in the liver and kidney. Hepatic and renal function was evaluated in six CHS and six age-matched control cats to determine if the functions of these organs were compromised by the CHS trait. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were determined to assess the status of the liver. Sulfobromophthalein retention tests were also performed. Renal function was evaluated by determination of (14)C-inulin clearance; blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations; 24-hour protein/creatinine ratios, percent clearance ratios of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride; and urinalysis values. The CHS cats were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the control cats in any of the above tests. Use of a non-parametric statistical test did reveal a mild difference (P = 0.047) in 24-hour protein excretion between CHS and control cats. Complete blood counts were performed, and the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower (P< 0.05) in the CHS cats than in the control cats.