碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响

本试验旨在研究碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、全鱼和肌肉常规成分、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,选取葡萄糖和小麦淀粉2种碳水化合物,分别设0、15%、30%3个碳水化合物水平,共配制5种等氮等脂试验饲料。每种饲料饲喂3个重复,每个重复放养初始体重为(8.53±0.07)g的大黄鱼50尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果表明:饲料碳水化合物种类和水平及其交互作用对大黄鱼的终末体重、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料葡萄糖水平由0增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05);饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著升高(P0.05),饲料小麦淀粉水平由15%增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05)。FCR随饲料葡萄糖水平的升高显著升高(P0.05);FCR在饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时显著降低(P0.05),由15%增加到30%时显著升高(P0.05)。15%或30%水平下,小麦淀粉组大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR均显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖含量有显著影响(P0.05)。血清葡萄糖含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高先降低后升高,各组间差异显著(P0.05);血清葡萄糖含量随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高逐渐降低,且30%小麦淀粉组显著低于0小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)、6-磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)活性及肝糖原含量有显著影响(P0.05)。肝糖原含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高持续升高,而随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高先升高后降低,且15%和30%水平下葡萄糖组均显著高于小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。由此得出,与葡萄糖相比,摄食含小麦淀粉饲料的大黄鱼能够通过调节糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖浓度的相对恒定,且饲料中添加15%小麦淀粉时能促进大黄鱼生长。     

瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶基因cDNA序列的克隆与序列分析

利用RT-PCR方法克隆瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)肝脂酶cDNA序列片段,并对其基因结构和系统进化关系进行分析.瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶cDNA片段长1065 bp,编码353个氨基酸.肝脂酶氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼与其他鱼类的同源性为62%-100%.瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶氨基酸残基包含糖基化位点、催化位点、催化中心三联体位点、脂质结合位点和多肽"盖"等主要结构区域.系统进化树分析表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶与草鱼、鳙、斑马鱼肝脂酶聚为一支.因此,瓦氏黄颡鱼的肝脂酶在鱼类进化中较为保守.     

Gait deficits in liver disease: Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic myelopathy

In this issue, the unusual clinical presentation of a horse diagnosed is described with severe liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. The horse initially presented for thoracic and pelvic limb ataxia and weakness, and signs of forebrain disease were not apparent until later in the disease process. The typical pathology of central nervous system disease associated with liver disease is related to encephalopathy and forebrain disease; however, the spinal cord is occasionally also involved. Hepatic myelopathy is a rare syndrome usually associated with surgical or acquired portosystemic shunts, liver cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension in man. Where a gliopathy is the most prominent pathological feature seen in hepatic encephalopathy, in hepatic myelopathy the most remarkable feature is demyelination of the corticospinal tracts of the distal cervical and thoracic spinal cord with occasional axon loss. The clinical signs of hepatic myelopathy are spastic paresis/paralysis with normal sensory findings and preserved sphincter function. The prognosis for hepatic myelopathy is generally poor. In summary, in severe liver disease, motor deficits can occur secondary to the encephalopathy, but motor deficits can also occur as a result of spinal cord pathology such as seen in hepatic myelopathy. In examination of horses with myelopathies, liver disease as a cause of myelopathy should be included in our list of differentials.     

铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响

为了探讨铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响,试验分别用10,50,100μmol/L Cu2+在体外孵育原代肝细胞,PAS染色后测定30分钟和1,2,4,24,48,72小时各时间点的原代肝细胞活性及24小时时的糖原含量。结果表明:50μmol/L和100μmol/L Cu2+仅分别在72小时和4小时之后明显降低细胞活性;随着铜浓度的升高,糖原含量减少。说明高浓度铜可降低原代肝细胞活性,促进肝糖原分解。     

高产乳牛脂肪肝性肝障碍的某些生化成分的分析

选用黑白花牛31头(健康初产和经产牛各5头,病牛21头),监测其产犊前后血清脂质、蛋白质、酶、血糖等值的动态变化。阐明初产牛患脂肪肝病的少于经产牛,因其产犊前脂肪动员量低于经产牛,同时被动员的甘油三脂(TG)与游离脂肪酸(FFA)的血清浓度呈负相关。 预产前7～10天,健康经产牛的白蛋白(Al)和白蛋白与球蛋白之比值(A/G)为50％和1左右。谷草转氨酶(GOT)和乳酸脱氢酶总酶(LDH),分别为38±6.Ou和870±67.8u。其LDH同工酶值呈LDHI>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4>LDH_5,均稳定在正常范围。而疑有肝障碍病牛经治愈的17头,初诊时Al和A/G值已分别下降至29.8±7.6％和0.42±0.22,GOT和LDH值均上升,血搪(Glu)值下降,LDH_5倒置(LDH_1>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4LDH_2>LDH_5>LDH_3>LDH_4％)。     

Multi-systemic Trauma in a Ferret

A 5-year old, neutered, male, domestic sable ferret presented 24 hours after escaping outside and sustaining unknown trauma. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, tachypnea, and hind limb paresis in a laterally recumbent patient. Radiographs, laboratory evaluation, and abdominocentesis revealed the presence of hemoperitoneum, blunt hepatic trauma, pneumothorax, and a small abdominal hernia. The ferret was treated with resuscitative fluids, thoracocentesis, abdominal counterpressure, and blood transfusion. This is the first case report of multi-systemic trauma in a ferret. The ferret made a complete recovery and was discharged to the referring veterinarian three days after presentation. (Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care, 10:13–18, 2000)     

日粮能量水平对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及HL基因表达的影响

选用35日龄、体重相近的扬州鹅200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只(公、母各半),分别饲喂4个代谢能水平的日粮(A组10.11、B组11.19、C组12.37和D组13.45 MJ/kg),研究其对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及肝脂酶(HL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:与A组相比,D组扬州鹅的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率极显著提高(P<0.01);随着能量水平的提高,血清极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著降低,低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶活性及其表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,日粮能量水平显著影响扬州鹅机体脂肪代谢和HL基因mRNA的表达。     

肝纤维化动物模型研究进展

肝纤维化是肝损伤后的修复反应,涉及一系列复杂的细胞及分子机制,如何制作和选择与人类肝纤维化相似的动物模型,不仅是深入研究肝纤维化发病机制的重要基础,也是筛选防治肝纤维化药物的有效手段.文章介绍了目前常用的几种肝纤维化动物模型的造模方法,即给实验动物施以不同性质、不同剂量以及不同作用方式的肝毒剂,造成不同类型的肝纤维化模型.通过比较各种方法的致病机理、造模途径、效果、优缺点和各自用途,提出了肝纤维化动物模型的选择依据及研究方向.     

Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan

The hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae) induces chronic hepatitis and hepatic cancer in humans. A novel domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) was recently identified in several countries, however, the DCH infection status of cats in Japan is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the DCH infection rate of 139 cat samples collected in Japan. We identified one positive blood sample (0.78%) from a 17-year-old female cat with chronically elevated alanine aminotransferase. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the DCH strain identified in this study is genetically different from strains in other countries. Further investigations are required to elucidate the evolution of DCH and the impact of DCH infection on hepatic diseases in domestic cats.