自身启动子控制的卡那霉素抗性基因在哺乳动物细胞中表达的检测

为了研究卡那霉素抗性(KanR)基因能否在哺乳动物细胞中表达以及用含相同抗性基因重组质粒防治奶牛乳腺炎的安全性,用PCR从重组质粒p215C3LYZ中扩增得KanR基因,将其克隆入原核表达载体pQE-31,用含卡那霉素(Kan)琼脂平板筛选得KanR重组菌,经IPTG诱导成功表达了预期大小的Kan抗性融合蛋白;用纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,获得了Kan抗性蛋白抗血清,经Western blotting证明免疫血清特异性良好;分别用重组质粒pQE-Kan和p215C3LYZ转染COS-1细胞,在不含抗生素培养液中培养后分别收集细胞上清和细胞裂解物;将转染细胞上清分为添加和不加Kan组,接种Kan敏感菌DH5α大肠杆菌,培养物的OD600检测结果显示,添加组的指示菌生长被抑制,转染细胞上清中无Kan抗性蛋白表达;以Kan抗性蛋白免疫血清进行的Western blotting结果显示,转染细胞内无Kan抗性蛋白表达;将p215C3LYZ注射奶牛乳腺,用脱脂和浓缩奶样进行Western blotting检测,结果显示试验牛乳中也无Kan抗性蛋白表达。这些试验结果提示,来源于原核大肠杆菌的KanR基因启动子在动物细胞中无转录活性,乳腺注射含KanR基因的重组质粒不会表达对奶牛和人体有害的Kan抗性蛋白。     

应用逆转录套式PCR检测猪流行性腹泻病毒

根据已发表的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因核苷酸序列,设计合成2对引物,其中外引物扩增片段长度为297 bp,内引物扩增片段长度为212 bp,在优化RT-PCR反应条件的基础上,建立了检测PEDV的套式RT-PCR检测方法,该方法较普通RT-PCR更加灵敏、可靠,能有效降低假阳性和污染,可用于PEDV的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

斯氏艾美耳球虫ADF基因部分序列的克隆与分析

为了获得我国斯氏艾美耳球虫长春株ADF基因并分析其与柔嫩艾美耳球虫长春株相应序列的同源性,试验根据GenBank中公布的柔嫩艾美耳球虫ADF基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法获得我国斯氏艾美耳球虫长春株ADF基因部分序列,然后将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,应用DNAStar软件对测得序列进行序列分析。结果表明:斯氏艾美耳球虫长春株ADF基因大小为357 bp;经DNAStar分析,我国斯氏艾美耳球虫长春株与柔嫩艾美耳球虫长春株ADF核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性均为99.2%。说明ADF基因在进化过程中高度保守。     

马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中公布的牛Zfx/Zfy基因的mRNA序列,设计特异性引物,对马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因进行扩增,并对该序列进行分析。结果表明,克隆得到马鹿Zfx基因序列长为2 115 bp,GenBank登录号为KP257294.1,编码696个氨基酸;Zfy基因序列长为2 406 bp,GenBank登录号为KU041539,编码801个氨基酸。依据Zfx/Zfy基因氨基酸序列构建进化树,分析表明,马鹿Zfx基因与人的亲缘关系较近,与聚为一类的野牛、藏羚羊、虎、家猫、家牛、家犬、绵羊的亲缘关系稍远;Zfy基因与家牛、野牛、藏羚羊、绵羊的亲缘关系较近,与其他动物及人的亲缘关系较远。本研究首次克隆了马鹿Zfx/Zfy基因,为研究该基因蛋白质的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

Effects of forage type,body condition and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine cytochrome P450 regulatory region on cow productivity*

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding sequence of cytochrome p450 (CYP3A28) have been associated with milk yield and composition, and calving traits in cows. In this study, we aimed to determine whether (i) the CYP3A28 regulatory region was polymorphic and (ii) SNP genotype, forage type, body condition and their interactions affect cow productivity. Primers for CYP3A28 promoter were designed to amplify a 483‐bp segment by PCR. Amplicon sequences revealed seven SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, C‐189T, T‐78G, A6G, G17A and T21C) in Brahman (38 cows), Brahman x Angus reciprocal crosses (47 cows) and crossbreds (98 cows). Angus cows (n = 41) appeared to be fixed at those SNP locations. Genotype and forage {endophyte‐infected tall fescue [KY+; Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] vs. bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]} effects on lifetime (8‐years) calving rate, and calf weaning weights and heights were determined in Herd 1 (126 cows); genotype and BC (low vs. moderate) effects on calving date and calving percent were determined in Herd 2 (98 cows). Four SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, A06G and T21C) appeared to be related to cattle productivity, CC cows at T‐318C having a lower (p < 0.05) lifetime calving rate than TC or TT cows (65%, 85% and 81% respectively). Cows that grazed KY+ and were TT at T‐318C produced calves that tended (p < 0.07) to weigh less than their contemporaries. Moreover, calves of TT cows were shorter (p < 0.05) at weaning than calves of CC or TC cows. In Herd 2, moderate‐BC cows that were TT or AA at T‐318C, T‐113A, T‐78G, A6G and T21C had greater (p < 0.05) calving rates (74–80%) than heterozygous cows (46–60%), and low‐BC cows that were AA at G17A calved at least 6 days earlier (p < 0.05) than heterozygous cows. Our findings suggest that SNP in the CYP3A28 regulatory region of Brahman‐influenced cows are associated with cattle productivity.     

表达新城疫病毒F基因重组鸡痘病毒的筛选

将转移载体P11SF和PN11SF分别与282E4株鸡痘病毒（282E4 strain fowlpox virus，282E4FPV）和大空斑株鸡疽病毒（large plaque strain fowlpox virus，LP FPV）共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞，通过蓝斑筛选，得到4株重组鸡痘病毒rFPV282E4-SFA、rFPVLP，-SFA、rFPV282E4-SFB和rFPVLP-SFB，通过PCR和间接免疫荧光鉴定均为阳性，另外将各重组病毒分别传20代，测其遗传稳定性，结果显示均具有良好的稳定性。对SPF鸡进行免疫效力试验，攻毒后均100％保护，而对于商品鸡，保护率分别为64％、60％、52％和88％。     

荧光定量PCR技术及其在动物营养中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种通过检测PCR荧光信号的变化进行核酸定量的技术。目前,该技术已经应用于病原微生物、基因表达、基因组变异和多态性检测等许多方面。本文综述了定量PCR技术的基本原理及其在动物营养中的应用。     

Gene cloning of porcine adiponectin gene from adipose tissue and construction of its eukaryotic expression vector

To clone adiponectin (ADPN) gene from Shaziling porcine adipocyte and construct its eukaryotic expression vector, total RNA was extracted from subcutaneous fatty tissue. One pair of specific primers was designed by Primer 5.0 software according to the sequence of ADPN gene of porcine available in GenBank. The ADPN gene was amplified by PCR from cDNA and cloned into pMD18‐T vector to construct recombinant clonal vector pMD‐ADPN, sequenced and analysed. A recombinant expression plasmid pPICZaA‐ADPN was constructed by subcloning the cloned ADPN gene into the linearized pPICZaA vector. Then, the plasmid pPICZaA‐ADPN was expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115) by electrotransformation. Western blot and Bradford analysis were used to determine the target protein induced by methanol. Results showed that the genome size of ADPN was 732 bp and encoded 244 amino acid, the nucleotide sequence of ADPN shared 100% identity with that of porcine available in GenBank. Western blot and Bradford analysis showed that the recombinant ADPN was expressed in GS115 correctly and has certain immune activity. The expression level of ADPN was 28.5 μg/ml. In conclusion, the recombinant ADPN could express in eukaryotic expression vector pPICZaA‐ADPN constructed in this study effectively.