复合蛋白饲料替代豆粕饲喂蛋鸡的效果及经济效益分析

试验选用30周龄产蛋高峰期海蓝褐商品蛋鸡192只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复16只鸡。以玉米蛋白粉、棉粕、DDGS和菜粕为主要原料配制成复合蛋白饲料完全替代基础日粮中的豆粕。结果表明:在对照组、试验1组、试验2组和试验3组等四个处理之间比较生产性能差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋品质测定指标差异不显著(P>0.05),产蛋鸡饲料中常规营养成分消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

高密度二氧化碳对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌杀菌效果和杀菌动力学的研究

研究了不同温度、压力和时间条件下,高密度二氧化碳(DPCD)处理对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,并对DPCD处理蛋清液中大肠杆菌的杀菌动力学进行了分析。结果表明,在15 MPa,45℃下DPCD处理60 min,沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌分别降低了4.46和5.57个对数值,其中大肠杆菌对DPCD处理较沙门氏菌敏感。30 MPa,45℃,DPCD处理30 min,可以完全杀灭蛋清液中的大肠杆菌。线性模型能较好地拟合DPCD对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,其中30 MPa,45℃下D值最小为5.830。     

Physiological and biochemical parameters for egg quality determination in lake trout,Salmo trutta lacustris

The present study investigated the relationships between egg viability and ovarian fluid composition, egg physiology and egg metabolism in lake trout, Salmo trutta lacustris, to obtain biomarkers for egg quality determination. The ovarian fluid pH, protein levels and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and -d-glucuronidase were significantly correlated with egg viability expressed as the number of eyed stage embryos. Regression models demonstrated that an ovarian fluid pH between 8.44 and 8.57, protein levels below 235.56 mg 100 ml^–1ovarian fluid, aspartate aminotransferase activity below 31.65 m min^–1 l^–1ovarian fluid and -d-glucuronidase activity below 8.62 m min^–1 l^–1 ovarian fluid characterized egg batches with high viability (80%).The increase in the egg wet weight during water hardening was also significantly correlated with the number of eyed stage embryos, and egg batches with high egg viability (80%) increased in wet weight by 13% during water hardening.From the investigated metabolic parameters the number of eyed stage embryos was significantly correlated with activities of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (egg viability 80% at 2.07 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein) and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (egg viability 80% at 47.25 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein), with the respiration rate (egg viability 80% at 8.71 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein), with the ratio of NADH to NAD levels (egg viability 80% 0.872), with the levels of free, non-esterified fatty acids (egg viability 80% 72.34 g mg^–1 protein), and the ratio of non esterified to esterified fatty acids (egg viability 80% at 0.749). Also, subjective and visual control methods were described to distinguish between batches with viable and non viable eggs.     

油乳剂疫苗中硬脂酸铝含量与油相水相比例关系研究

进行了鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、产蛋下降综合征三联油乳剂疫苗生产中降低油相比例的试验.当油乳剂疫苗的油相中硬脂酸铝含量分别为2%、1%、0.5%,对应的油相:水相分别为3:1、2:1和1:1时进行的乳化试验结果表明:随着油相中硬脂酸铝含量降低,油相和水相的比例相应降低,呈正比例关系.当油相中硬脂酸铝含量与油/水比分别为2%和3:1、1%和2:1、0.5%和1:1时,制备的油苗质量均达到了国家标准.     

复合酶制剂对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用41周龄的海兰褐商品蛋鸡1200只,随机分成两组,每组600只。组内设3个重复,每个重复200只。对照组喂基础日粮,试验组喂基础日粮+0.1%蛋鸡用复合酶制剂,试验期28d。结果表明在产蛋鸡的基础日粮中添加0.1%的复合酶制剂可以使产蛋率平均提高6.12%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低11.69%(P<0.05)。说明在蛋鸡的基础日粮中添加适当的复合酶制剂能促进蛋鸡消化吸收,降低饲养成本,提高饲料转化率和经济效益。     

Influence of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid deficiency on the lipid composition of broodstock gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and on egg quality

A feeding experiment was conducted on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) broodstock to investigate the incidence of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) dietary deficiencies on the lipid composition of female liver, gonads and eggs, in relation to spawning quality. Broodstock were fed a control (C) diet or a n-3 HUFA deficient (D) but linolenic acid rich diet. After 20 weeks of feeding, the results showed that levels of total neutral (TNL) and total polar (TPL) lipids of female gonads and eggs were independent of diet. However the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) of female liver, gonads and eggs in the two groups of fish showed marked differences, reflecting the influence of fatty acid levels in the broodstock diets. This influence was even higher in TNL than in the phospholipid classes examined. In fish fed n-3 HUFA deficient diet, fatty acid composition of TNL of female gonads and eggs reflected the diet more than liver. A higher egg production in broodstock fed C diet (1.8% n-3 HUFA in diet) was extended to spawning quality such as percentages of fertilised and hatched eggs.     

中国卤虫卵孵化温度特性的研究

依据有效积温法则,对中国12个主要地理品系卤虫卵的孵化速度、发育起点温度及其发育同步性作了分析。结果表明,各品系的孵化速度因温度不同而差异极显著;相同温度下各品系间孵化速度也有显著差异;在沿海品系中,其发育起点温度由北往南基本呈递增趋势。以各品系孵化发育历期的变差系数作为发育同步性的衡量指标,依据发育同步性程度及发育起点温度、有效积温进行聚类分析,提出了适合我国卤虫卵加工及使用的最佳品系组合。     

鸡蛋贮藏过程中品质变化的动力学模型

为研究鸡蛋贮藏过程中品质变化与贮藏期的相关性,采用动力学研究方法建立鸡蛋贮藏的预测模型。结果表明鸡蛋质量和蛋黄系数随着贮藏时间的延长而降低,气室高度随贮藏时间的延长而增加。一级化学反应动力学模型和Arrhenius方程对鸡蛋质量、蛋黄系数和气室高度变化具有较高的拟合精度。动力学反应速率常数表明贮藏温度越高,鸡蛋品质下降越明显。由预测模型所获得贮藏期预测值与实际值相对误差在10%以内,该模型可预测鸡蛋质量、蛋黄系数和气室高度在5～35℃范围内的变化情况和鸡蛋的贮藏期,为鸡蛋的贮藏和销售提供参考。     

温度和盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼受精率和孵化率的联合影响

采用中心复合设计和响应曲面方法研究了温度(T,℃)和盐度(S)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼人工受精率(FR,％)和孵化率(HR,％)的综合影响.设定的温度范围为20～34,盐度范围为0～18.建立了温度、盐度与受精和孵化之间关系的定量模型,并通过分析明确了温度与盐度的最优组合.结果表明,吉富罗非鱼在温度与盐度较高或较低范围内受精率与孵化率都处于较低水平.温度和盐度的一次与二次效应对受精与孵化均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01).温度与盐度二者间协同效应不显著(P＞0.05).建立了吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的多项式方程,复相关系数分别达到了0.957 8和0.960 1 (P＜0.01),可以用于预测吉富罗非鱼的受精率和孵化率.利用统计优化技术明确,在温度27.14℃,盐度8.95时,罗非鱼最佳的受精率为80.8％,孵化率为77.63％.本研究旨在考察温度与盐度同时变化对吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的影响,探讨最佳温度－盐度组合以增加吉富罗非鱼苗种产量.