SEM-EDX对几种纤维的形态结构和元素成分比较研究

对几种指定纤维进行了扫描电镜 (SEM)观察 ,并且利用X射线能谱仪 (EDX)分别对兽毛的鳞片层、髓质层和化学纤维进行了元素分析 ,建立了不同纤维的比较研究方法 ,具有定性准确、分辨率高、特征信息明显之特点 ,已用于商检和物证鉴定中。     

中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）胎儿皮肤毛囊发育及其形态结构

【目的】探究中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊的组织结构与毛囊形态发生过程,为超细毛羊毛囊发育的分子调控机制研究奠定组织学基础。【方法】采用冰冻组织切片技术制作横切、纵切切片,在显微镜下观测照相。【结果】中国超细毛羊（甘肃型）毛囊结构包括连接组织鞘、外根鞘、内根鞘、毛干和毛球部。在胎龄87 d时初级毛囊发生形成毛芽,在初级毛囊基底部可见次级毛囊的囊泡结构。胎龄102 d时次级毛囊开始再分化。到胎龄138 d时,初级毛囊基本发育成熟。胎龄87—147 d,初级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐降低,次级毛囊密度随胎龄增长逐渐升高,在胎龄102—117 d时次级毛囊增长迅速,在胎龄117 d时达到最大值（232.8±12.44）个/mm2,胎龄126 d时次级毛囊/初级毛囊比值达到最大值9.96。【结论】在胎龄84 d时初级毛囊开始发生,胎龄87 d时次级毛囊开始发生,胎龄102 d时在原始次级毛囊颈部隆突部开始再分化出再分化次级毛囊,胎龄108 d时原始次级毛囊大量再分化,胎龄 138 d时大部分初级毛囊和部分次级毛囊发育成熟;次级毛囊再分化是影响毛囊密度的最主要因素,它能有效地增加毛囊密度,提高羊毛细度。     

内蒙古绒山羊皮肤KRTAPs表达谱与日照时长的相关性

【目的】研究绒山羊皮肤部分角蛋白关联蛋白(keratin-associated protein,KRTAPs)基因的表达谱及其与全年日照变化规律间的相关性。【方法】以3只周岁阿尔巴斯型内蒙古绒山羊体侧皮肤为样本,进行高通量转录组测序(RNA-Seq),对获得的部分KRTAPs基因一年内不同月份间的转录本进行表达丰度分析,并结合当地全年日照变化规律与RT-PCR试验方法,验证KRTAP24-1、KRTAP3-1、KRTAP8-1在关键节点月份的表达谱,确定全年皮肤KRTAPs表达丰度变化与日照变化规律间的相关性。【结果】Illumina solexa高通量转录组测序表明,内蒙古绒山羊全年皮肤部分KRTAPs基因的表达具有规律性差异。RT-PCR试验验证表明,部分基因表达谱与测序表达丰度具有一致性,并且基因差异变化规律与全年日照时长的变化具有相关性。【结论】全年日照时长由长变短(夏-冬)时皮肤KRTAPs表达丰度上调,日照时长由短变长(冬-夏)时皮肤KRTAPs表达丰度下调。     

陕西关中地区肉牛产地同位素溯源技术初探

为应用牛组织中C、N同位素组成的区域分布和同位素指标溯源肉牛产地,本文利用同位素比率质谱仪(IRMS)对陕西关中不同区县来源的牛尾毛样品的1δ3C和1δ5N值进行检测,通过聚类分析,研究陕西关中地区肉牛组织中同位素组成的区域分布情况。结果表明,杨凌区、眉县牛尾毛样品聚为一类;乾县、永寿县样品聚为一类;麟游县样品聚为一类;扶风县、岐山县和凤翔县分类不十分明显,分散在上述3类中。说明陕西关中不同地区肉牛组织中同位素组成存在差异,利用它们可进行肉牛地域的小范围溯源。     

基于DTW距离的拖拉机传动轴载荷样本长度计算方法

针对工程领域载荷样本长度确定方法对农业机械载荷适用性较差的问题,提出了一种基于动态时间扭曲（DTW, Dynamic Time Warping）距离计算载荷样本长度的方法。首先,运用无线扭矩传感器获取犁耕作业下拖拉机传动轴的动态载荷,结合传动轴犁耕作业下的载荷特点,划分作业工况;再将作业循环叠加并经过归一化处理后进行DTW距离计算,确定传动轴载荷样本长度;最后,计算参数外推中均值混合正态分布函数的拟合参数相对误差。结果表明,运用DTW距离方法确定的载荷样本长度,能够使均值双正态分布函数拟合得到的参数相对误差保证在10%以内。近似均值精度估计法和均值曲线拟合法的拟合参数相对误差最大值分别为126.06%和80.62%,而基于DTW距离计算方法的拟合参数相对误差最大值为5.43%,验证了基于DTW距离的载荷样本长度计算方法的适用性。研究结果可为拖拉机传动轴田间试验载荷样本长度确定提供参考。     

用~(75)Se、~(65)Zn示踪研究微量元素硒、锌在家兔毛中沉积与体内代谢的关系

本研究以大耳白家兔为实验动物,分别用含硒,锌水平不同的饲粮预饲２个月后,每组５只动物各灌喂１次＾７５Ｓｅ－亚硒酸钠,＾６５Ｚｎ－硫酸锌溶液。测定了＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ的吸收,排泄与转移到毛中沉积的过程,实验末检测了各器官组织中了存留量。从测定背部被毛中的放射性变化的结果表明,＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ能较快的从体内转移到被行中,动物处理后第７ｄ和第５ｄ在背部被毛的基段和上段都测得了＾７５Ｓｅ和＾６５     

内蒙古绒山羊皮肤干细胞定位的初步研究

为了确定干细胞在内蒙古绒山羊初级毛囊、次级毛囊及表皮中的位置,通过对绒山羊颈部静脉注射BrdU,每周取皮肤样本,用4%多聚甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片,免疫组织化学检测.结果发现,免疫组织化学检测在前10周内BrdU结果呈阳性,说明皮肤中存在干细胞,BrdU可用于大动物短时期的体内标记;BrdU用于大动物标记时在绒山羊体内的存留时间大约为10周;初步判断初级毛囊和次级毛囊及表皮中均存在干细胞,而且干细胞的niche可能就位于毛乳头处;用Ⅳ型胶原粘附培养初级和次级毛囊的毛乳头,其呈圆形或多边形,核大,核仁明显,细胞器少,细胞呈克隆生长,慢周期性,具有无限的增殖能力.经流式细胞术检测,初步证明为毛乳头处存在毛囊干细胞.     

354拖拉机与1.5m旋耕机配套性能分析

通过动力特性分析,解决了拖拉机动力输出轴转速高,输出扭矩较小,不能克服土壤对旋耕机的阻力矩,无法正常作业的问题.     

Distichiasis in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

A 4‐year‐old intact male ferret was presented to the Ophthalmology Service of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals of Utrecht University with chronic blepharospasm, epiphora, and conjunctivitis of the right eye. Examination of the eye revealed mild conjunctivitis and three hairs protruding from the openings of meibomian glands in the upper eyelid, providing the clinical diagnosis of distichiasis. The distichia were removed by transconjunctival unipolar electrocautery. Recovery was uneventful, but the original signs recurred 10 weeks after surgery. Ophthalmic examination revealed another distichia at a different location in the same eyelid and it was removed by full‐thickness wedge excision. Histopathological examination failed to reveal the exact origin of the distichia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of distichiasis in a ferret.     

Genotypic variation of potassium uptake and use efficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Potassium (K) deficiency is one of the main limiting factors in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. To study the mechanism of high K‐use efficiency of cotton, a pot experiment was conducted. The experiment consisted of two cotton genotypes differing in K‐use efficiency (H103 and L122) and two K‐application levels (K₀: 0 g (kg soil)^–1; K₁: 0.40 g (kg soil)^–1). Root‐hair density and length, partitioning of biomass and K in various organs, as well as K‐use efficiency of the two cotton genotypes were examined. The results show that there was no significant difference in K uptake between the two genotypes at both treatments, although the genotype H103 (high K‐use efficiency) exhibited markedly higher root‐hair density than genotype L122 in the K₁ treatment. Correlation analysis indicates that neither root‐hair density nor root‐hair length was correlated with plant K uptake. Furthermore, the boll biomass of genotype H103 was significantly higher than that of genotype L122 in both treatments, and the K accumulation in bolls of genotype H103 was 39%–48% higher than that of genotype L122. On the other hand, the litter index (LI) and the litter K‐partitioning index (LKPI) of genotype H103 were 14%–21% and 22%–27% lower than that of genotype L122. Lastly, the K‐use efficiency of total plant (KUE‐P) of genotype H103 was comparable with that of genotype L122 in both treatments, but the K‐use efficiency in boll yield (KUE‐B) of genotype H103 was 24% and 41% higher than that of genotype L122 in K₀ and K₁ treatments. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that KUE‐P was positively correlated with BKPI and negatively correlated with LKPI, while KUE‐B was positively correlated with BKPI and boll‐harvest index (HI_B), and negatively correlated with LKPI. It is concluded that there were no pronounced effects of root‐hair traits on plant K uptake of the two genotypes. The difference in K‐use efficiency was attributed to different patterns of biomass and K partitioning rather than difference in K uptake of the two genotypes.