大尾寒羊和小尾寒羊血红蛋白及转铁蛋白的遗传多态性研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法测定了河南大尾寒羊、河南小尾寒羊和山东小尾寒羊血红蛋白(Hb)和转铁蛋白(Tf)的遗传多态性,计算了基因频率、基因型频率和群体间的标准遗传距离并进行了聚类分析。结果表明,三地方寒羊的血红蛋白和转铁蛋白均表型出多态型,每个位点各出现3种表型,分别受1对共显性等位基因控制,基因分布处于Hardy—Weinberg平衡。河南小尾寒羊与山东小尾寒羊亲缘关系较近,两者与河南大尾寒羊亲缘关系均较远。作者认为河南小尾寒羊与山东小尾寒羊应归属于同一地方品种,河南大尾寒羊是另一个独立的地方类型或品种。本试验观察到,Tf和Hb电泳图谱的区带数目与以往报道不同,作者认为这是由电泳方法不同所致。     

蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血液蛋白谱的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对蓝马鸡和藏马鸡的血红蛋白、红细胞蛋白质、血清前白蛋白、白蛋白和运铁蛋白的蛋白谱进行了研究。结果发现 ,蓝马鸡和藏马鸡的血红蛋白 (HB)为由A1 和A2 2条区带组成的A1 A2 型 ;红细胞蛋白质 (EP)、血清白蛋白 (ALB)和运铁蛋白 (TF)分别呈单一的AA ,CC和FS。血清前白蛋白有Pr 1和Pr 2这 2种蛋白质组成     

Rechallenge of previously-infected pregnant ewes with Chlamydophila abortus

We studied some behavioural, clinical, biochemical and haematological variables in Desert (Najdi) sheep and goats subjected to the acute stressful stimulus of isolation from the flock, and the influence of pretreatment with xylazine (n = 6) or sodium betaine (n = 6). The isolation stress resulted in increased vocalization and in variable and statistically nonsignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates. Isolation caused significant increases in the plasma concentrations of cortisol (from about 35.2 to about 83.8 mmol/L) and glucose (from 3.1 to 4.2 mmol/L), and a decrease in that of magnesium (from 0.82 to 0.65 mmol/L). The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The isolation stress also significantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. The effects of pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg) produced variable and nonsignificant effects. There were no significant differences between sheep and goats in the responses to the isolation stress, except in vocalization, which was greater in sheep than in goats.     

The clinical,biochemical, haematological and pathological effects of long-term administration of Ipomoea carnea to growing goats

Ipomoea carnea has been held responsible for several poisoning episodes, mainly in goats. This plant contains swainsonine, which inhibits acid or lysosomal -mannosidase enzyme, causing cellular vacuolization. The objective of this study was to evaluate I. carnea toxicosis when four different doses of this plant were fed to growing goats. Twenty-five male goats were divided into five groups, one control group and four experimental groups that received 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 30.0 g of the plant per kg of live weight per day for 4 months. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical determinations and fragments from some tissues were collected for histopathological study. All the experimental goats ingested the plant throughout the trial, presenting nystagmus, muscle tremors, weakness of the hind limbs and ataxia. They also had a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from the sixth week of the experiment compared to the goats in the control group. There was a significant reduction in haemoglobin concentration in the goats treated with I. carnea. Histopathology revealed degenerative vacuolar alterations in the liver, pancreas, thyroid and kidney cells, and in the neurons of the central nervous system in the animals that received the plant. All these alterations occurred in a dose-dependent manner.     

Cardiovascular responses to acute handling stress in the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii are not mediated by circulatory catecholamines

Cannulated specimens of the benthic Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii were subjected to a five min period of handling stress, following which blood pressures were measured and then blood samples taken for measurement of plasma catecholamine concentrations. There were two control groups of fish, one group of undisturbed fish at Scott Base, Antarctica and the other group of undisturbed fish measured in Christchurch.Plasma catecholamine concentrations were not changed following 5 min of acute handling stress. However, heart rate, ventral aortic blood pressure and haematocrit were elevated following handling, suggesting increased sumpathetic nerve activity. The low plasma catecholamine concentrations measured in all three groups of fish are similar to those found in other species of teleost at rest.The resting heart rates found in this series of experiments were approximately double those recorded in previous work on this species and this difference may be correlated with the length of time that the fish are held in captivity. The fish transported to Christchurch also had higher mean cell haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) and lower plasma chloride concentrations.     

Variations in growth in haemoglobin genotypes of Atlantic cod

In the present paper are described the growth properties of three different haemoglobin genotypes of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reared at 7, 10, 13 and 16 °C. In addition one group was reared under temperature steps i.e. moved successively from 16 to 13 and 10 °C. The genotype Hb-I(2/2)displayed the overall highest growth rate in the temperature range 13–16 °C, whereas the Hb- I(1/1)genotype showed the highest overall growth at the lowest temperature (7 °C). Accordingly, we found a significant interaction between genotype and temperature. The differences in growth were largest when cod were reared under the temperature step regime where the Hb-I(2/2)genotype displayed 17 and 24% higher growth than Hb-I(1/1)and Hb-I(1/2),respectively. Optimal temperature for growth (T_opt.G) varied between the genotypes with the genotype Hb-I(1/2)displaying the highest (mean ± SE) T_opt.G (14.5 ± 1:0.8 °C) and Hb-I(1/1)the lowest (12.5 ± 0.2 °C). The biological significance of this link between biochemical genetic variation and physiological properties might be the influences on growth pattern, ultimate size and age at first maturity.