Haemoglobin and oxygen transport of the West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum Richardson, and other species

To better understand the possible role of deoxygenation of haemoglobin in the pathogenesis of exophthalmos in the West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum Richardson, some oxygen transport properties of haemoglobin from this species were determined and compared with haemoglobin from black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro), snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider) and King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier). Dhufish had a single haemoglobin with a pronounced Root effect. Snapper and black bream blood had six and five types of haemoglobin, respectively. The magnitude of the Root effect of haemoglobins in the haemolysate was demonstrated by comparing oxygenation and total deoxygenation at pH 8 with relative deoxygenation at pH 6.9. Dhufish haemoglobin demonstrated a large Root effect, with the Root effect of King George whiting, snapper and black bream being of lesser magnitude. Deoxygenation of all haemolysates was more pronounced in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Seasonal changes in haematological parameters and ATP content of dhufish blood were not evident. The Root effect is discussed in the context of its possible role in oxygen supply to the retina and adaptation to the fish's habitat and the environment.     

青海高原10种草食家畜血红蛋白的比较电泳

采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法对青海高原10种草食家畜的血红蛋白(Hb)进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)牛有三种Hb成分(A、B和C),构成HbA,AB,AC,B和BC五种表型;(2)牦牛有Hb F和S两种成分,构成单一的Hb FS型;(3)双峰驼有三种Hb成分(A,B_1和B_2),构成Hb A-B_1和A-B_1B_2两种表型;(4)梅花鹿和马鹿呈单一的Hb A型;(5)白唇鹿有Hb F和S两种成分,构成单一的Hb PS型;(6)马有Hb A_1和A_2两种成分,构成Hb A_1,Hb A_1~+A_2~-,Hb A_1A_2和Hb A_1~-A_2~+四种表型;(7)驴呈单一的Hb A_2型;(8)绵羊有三种Hb成分(A,B和C),构成Hb A,AB,B和AC四种表型;(9)山羊呈单一的Hb A型;(10)牛Hb B和马Hb A_1成分的相对电泳迁移率最大,双峰驼Hb B_2成分的迁移率最小。     

Accuracy and trending capability of haemoglobin measurement by noninvasive pulse co-oximetry in anaesthetized horses

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and trending capability of continuous measurement of haemoglobin concentration [Hb], haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO₂) and oxygen content (CaO₂) measured by the Masimo Radical-7 pulse co-oximeter in horses undergoing inhalational anaesthesia.Study designProspective observational clinical study.AnimalsA group of 23 anaesthetized adult horses.MethodsIn 23 healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgical procedures, paired measurements of pulse co-oximetry-based haemoglobin concentration (SpHb), SaO₂ (SpO₂), and CaO₂ (SpOC) and simultaneous arterial blood samples were collected at multiple time points throughout anaesthesia. The arterial samples were analysed by a laboratory co-oximeter for total haemoglobin (tHb), SaO₂ and manually calculated CaO₂. Bland-Altman plots, linear regression analysis, error grid analysis, four-quadrant plot and Critchley polar plot were used to assess the accuracy and trending capability of the pulse co-oximeter. Data are presented as mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsIn 101 data pairs analysed, the pulse co-oximeter slightly underestimated tHb (bias 0.06 g dL^–1; LoA –1.0 to 1.2 g dL^–1), SaO₂ (bias 1.4%; LoA –2.0% to 4.8%), and CaO₂ (bias 0.3 mL dL^–1; LoA –2.1 to 2.7 mL dL^–1). Zone A of the error grid encompassed 99% of data pairs for SpHb. Perfusion index (PI) ≥ 1% was recorded in 58/101 and PI < 1% in 43/101. The concordance rate for consecutive changes in SpHb and tHb with PI ≥ 1% and < 1% was 80% and 91% with four-quadrant plot, and 45.8% and 66.6% with Critchley polar plot.ConclusionsPulse co-oximetry has acceptable accuracy for the values measured, even with low PI, whereas its trending ability requires further investigation in those horses with a higher [Hb] variation during anaesthesia.     

Beneficial effect of Embelia ribes ethanolic extract on blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Embelia ribes (common name, Vidanga) is extensively used in traditional system of medicine for treatment of various disorders. It is described in Ayurveda, as a powerful anthelmintic, antifertility and antihyperlipidemic agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effect of 6 weeks' chronic oral administration of E. ribes ethanolic extract on diabetes mellitus induced by a diabetogen, streptozotocin (STZ) with special reference to changes in glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin status and cardiac toxicity. STZ treatment (40 mg/kg iv) resulted in significant increase in blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin levels, heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Oral administration of E. ribes ethanolic extract in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in animals when compared with diabetic rats.     

球敌对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫秦皇岛株的效果评价

为评价球敌对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫秦皇岛株的效力,选择68只海兰褐公雏随机分成阳性对照组,阴性对照组,球敌1组(0.2mL/L水)和球敌2组(0.4mL/L水),每组17只鸡.在14日龄,除阴性对照组外,每只鸡接种1.2×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫.结果表明,球敌1组和2组鸡的ACI分别为186.63和187.06,表明球敌属高效抗球虫药,且促生长作用显著,整个试验期内的增重分别比阳性对照组、阴性对照组提高65.16%(P＜0.01)、55.20%(P＜0.01),6.63%(P＞0.05)、0.21%(P＞0.05),并能显著缓解因球虫感染引起的Hb含量的下降,提高胸腺和法氏囊指数.     

Pyridoxine deficiency of grouper, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus coioides</Emphasis>: physiological and biochemical alteration

Pyridoxine is essential for animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pyridoxine deficiency symptoms and the fit dose of pyridoxine to keep normal physiological function in grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of pyridoxine (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (14.83±0.31 g) for 8 weeks, and then some physiological and biochemical parameters were measured. Pyridoxine deficiency symptoms such as anorexia, poor survival, convulsion, helically swimming and hyperirritability were observed in fish fed the pyridoxine-deficient diet, and these fish also showed low whole blood haemoglobin level, liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Slight symptoms of pyridoxine deficiency also appeared among fish fed the diet with very low dose (1 mg pyridoxine kg⁻¹ diet) of pyridoxine in 6 weeks. Broken-line regression analysis showed that the optimal pyridoxine levels for these fish to keep normal survival, whole blood haemoglobin level, liver GPT and SOD activities were approximately 1.75, 1.87, 2.22 and 2.05 mg kg⁻¹, respectively.     

Interrelationships between red cell nucleoside triphosphate content,and blood pH,O2-tension and haemoglobin concentration in the carp,Cyprinus carpio

As a starting point for investigations of possible control factors for the nucleoside triphosphate content in carp red cells, we utilized the natural variability in blood physico-chemical parameters to test for interrelationships. By application of two-variable regression analysis, the red cell NTP content was found to be significantly correlated with arterial P_{O 2} and pH as well as with the blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. These correlations show a rise in red cell NTP content with falling pH as well as with falling Hb concentration, whereas a decrease in P_{O 2} was associated with a decrease in the content of NTP, particularly at low P_{O 2} values. Evaluation based on multiple regression analysis suggested that only P_{O 2} and pH significantly affected the red cell NTP content, and that the influence of changes in Hb concentration could be accounted for by naturally occurring simultaneous changes in P_{O 2} and pH. The multifactorial control of red cell nucleoside triphosphates is discussed in relation to the role of still unknown factors.     

Haematology and blood biochemistry during the course of psoroptic scabies in sheep

Haematology and blood biochemistry were monitored during the development and regression of psoroptic scabies in sheep. There were rises in numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils and in the fibrinogen concentrations, with lowered haemoglobin concentrations any lymphocyte numbers. The only biochemical parameters that were affected were the estimated serum globulin concentration, which rose during the disease process, and the serum albumin concentration, which fell. All of these changes reverted to normal soon after treatment.Abbreviations CK creatine kinase - Diff WBC differential white blood cell - E eosinophils - GOT asparate aminotransferase - GT glutamyl transferase - Hb haemoglobin - Ly lymphocytes - M monocytes - N neutrophils - WBC white blood cell count