人ehCGβ+肿瘤小鼠模型的建立

采用脂质体转染方法将含人 eh CGβ编码基因的重组质粒 pc DNA3 -eh CGβ转染鼠SP2 / 0细胞 ,经 G41 8选择培养和有限稀释培养获得抗性细胞克隆 ,FSCA检测显示 :该抗性细胞的 eh CGβ表达比例高达 84.75%、平均荧光强度达 2 2 .1 2 ;采用相同方法获得转 HBV-pre S2 / S编码基因的 Sp2 / 0 -pre S2 / S细胞作为转染无关基因的对照细胞克隆 ,FACS检测发现该细胞表达 pre S2 / S比例为 72 .60 %、平均荧光强度为1 6.80。将不同数量的 Sp2 / 0 -eh CGβ细胞皮下接种 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,结果表明 ,接种 1× 1 0 5及以上Sp2 / 0 -eh CGβ细胞在小鼠体内能形成实体瘤 ,且实体瘤的大小与接种细胞数量呈正相关 (R值为 0 .989)。将相同数量 (5× 1 0 5个细胞 )的 Sp2 /0、Sp2 / 0 -eh CGβ和 Sp2 / 0 -pre S2 / S细胞接种同一只 BAL B/ c小鼠不同部位 ,结果发现 3种肿瘤细胞均在 BAL B/ c小鼠皮下形成了实体瘤 ,比较三组的平均瘤重量无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,提示外源性 eh CGβ基因的转染不影响Sp2 / 0细胞的致瘤特性。文章建立的人 eh CGβ 肿瘤细胞的荷瘤小鼠模型 ,为研究 eh CGβ 肿瘤细胞的生物学特征、eh CGβ 肿瘤细胞的生物治疗等提供实验基础     

日本大耳白兔超数排卵研究

超数排卵,简称“超排”(Superovulation),是以各种外源性促性腺激素诱发动物卵巢上许多卵泡发育并排出具有受精能力卵子的过程犤1犦。应用超排技术不仅开发利用了卵巢卵母细胞资源,提高了优良母畜的繁殖潜力,而且对加速品种改良,提高动物繁殖率具有重要意义,是胚胎工程技术中最     

IGF-Ⅰ和hCG对山羊睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的影响

采用体外培养山羊睾丸间质细胞的方法,应用ＩＧＦ－Ⅰ和ｈＣＧ进行不同处理,利用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）测定睾酮含量。结果表明：①３０～４０日龄山羊睾丸间质细胞适宜作为体外培养的材料;②山羊睾丸间质细胞的敏感性随ｈＣＧ的重复刺激而下降;③ＩＧＦ－Ⅰ能够促进睾酮的分泌（Ｐ＜０．０５～Ｐ＜０．０１）;④ＩＧＦ－Ⅰ和ｈＣＧ对睾酮的分泌具有协同促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０５～Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

外源性促性腺激素诱导日本鳗鲡精子发生和成熟的作用机制

用兔抗血清对抗促黄体素生成素受体（LHR）或称绒毛膜促性腺激素受体（CGR）和雄激素受体（AR）进行LHR和AR免疫组织化学定位,以揭示外源性促性腺激素（鲤脑垂体激素和hCG）诱发日本鳗鲡精子发生及其内分泌机制。结果表明,经过注射激素处理后的实验组与注射前的对照组相比较,其精巢发育和精子发生出现十分显著的变化。组织学切片观察显示,激素处理前鳗鲡精巢处于精原细胞增殖期,而两种激素混合注射后第10天,实验组可见精小叶中精原细胞的有丝分裂和初级与次级精母细胞的数量显著的增加。注射后第35天,靠近生殖上皮除有少量精原细胞外,精小叶中有大量初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞和少数精子细胞以及管腔中存在少量精子。在注射后第83天,日本鳗鲡完成了精子发生和精巢发育成熟以及释精。免疫组织化学染色结果进一步揭示,激素处理前,LH受体免疫活性分布在生殖上皮,显示强的免疫阳性反应;激素处理后,LH受体定位在Sertoli细胞和间质细胞以及精原细胞和初级与次级精母细胞的胞膜上,均显示强的免疫阳性反应。激素处理前,雄激素受体定位在生殖上皮和早期生精细胞的胞膜上;激素处理后,AR则定位在这些生精细胞的核或胞质,而精子细胞和精子显示免疫阴性反应。这些结果首次证明了这两种激素诱导鳗鲡精子发生和成熟的作用机制是通过LH受体和雄激素受体的介导。     

Strategies for Increasing Reproductive Efficiency in a Commercial Embryo Transfer Program With High Performance Donor Mares Under Training

Exercise stress has a negative impact on embryo transfer efficiency (ET). For example, a 34% embryo recovery rate, 43% incidence of poor quality embryos, and a 29% pregnancy rate after transfer have been reported. Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the inflammatory response produced after nonsurgical embryo transfer. In addition, progesterone supplementation is commonly administered to some recipient mares to improve uterine conditions before the transfer and to ensure adequate progestational support compatible with pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate embryo recovery rates using BioRelease deslorelin versus hCG and to increase posttransfer pregnancy rates by jointly administering BioRelease progesterone and a NSAID (flunixin or meloxicam) to recipient mares. Seventeen upper-level showjumping mares stabled and in daily training were used as embryo donors. To induce ovulation, 1-mg IM BioRelease deslorelin (BioRelease Technologies, Lexington, KY) was injected in treated cycles (n = 66), or 2500-IU hCG IV (Ovusyn, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was given in control cycles (n = 79) when a ≥35 mm follicle was present. Artificial insemination with extended fresh semen (at least 500 × 10⁶ progressively motile sperm) was carried out in both groups immediately after injecting the ovulation induction agent. Day 8 embryos were recovered and nonsurgically transferred using a speculum and a cervical traction forceps. Recipient mares (n = 73) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group A received a single injection of 1.5-g IM BioRelease progesterone (Progesterone LA 300, BioRelease Technologies) and 3 IV injections of 0.5 g of flunixin meglumine (Flunix Deltavet, Argentina), one injection administered the day of the transfer and one on each of the next two successive days. Group B received 1.5-g IM BioRelease progesterone and a single dose of 1.5-g IM BioRelease meloxicam (Meloxicam LA, BioRelease Technologies) at the moment of embryo transfer. Group C did not receive any treatment. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out 7 days after transfer. Results were analyzed using comparisons of proportions. More embryos were recovered per cycle (13% increase) when donor mares in training were induced to ovulate with BioRelease deslorelin (60.6%; 40/66) than with hCG (46.8%; 37 of 79; P < .05). Although both recipient groups given NSAIDs in combination with BioRelease progesterone numerically had higher pregnancy rates (A: 70.8%; 17/24 and B: 75%; 15/20) compared with nontreated control recipients (47.1%; 33/70), pregnancy rates were significantly higher only in recipients given LA meloxicam treatment at the time of transfer (P < .05). The LA meloxicam is released over a 72-hour period making it more practical to use as it requires a single IM injection versus the 3 IV flunixin meglumine injections. Thus, to minimize the effects of exercise stress on ET efficiency, a combination of BioRelease deslorelin to induce ovulation in donors and BioRelease progesterone and LA meloxicam in recipients at the time of transfer may offer an interesting alternative for improving results in commercial ET programs.     

Induced spermiation in 3-year-old sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L.

Spermiation in 3‐year‐old sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (L.), males maintained under warm water conditions was induced by intramuscular injection of either (i) (D‐Ala⁶)‐GnRH‐ProNHEt (Kobarelin); (ii) mammalian GnRH analogue+metoclopramide (Ovopel); or (iii) human chorionic gonadotropin (Biogonadyl). The volume of milt, sperm concentration and motility were measured. A higher percentage of spermiating males was obtained after Kobarelin or Ovopel treatment (81.8% and 77.7% respectively) in comparison with fish treated with Biogonadyl (40.0%). However, only stimulation with Ovopel guaranteed motile spermatozoa in all spermiating males. Moreover, treatment with Ovopel resulted in the highest average milt volume, sperm concentration and motility. The average total number of motile spermatozoa (milt volume×sperm concentration×sperm motility) per individual was 0.99×10⁹, 5.31×10⁹ and 0.02×10⁹ after stimulation with Kobarelin, Ovopel or Biogonadyl respectively. Our data indicate that Ovopel is a good stimulator of spermation in sturgeons. Moreover, the time of sexual maturation could be significantly reduced in sturgeons maintained in cages under warm water conditions.     

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regulates the expression of Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) via the ERK1/2 pathway

It has previously been shown that Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) can stimulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. In the present study, the mechanisms of hCG-stimulated steroidogenesis in Leydig cells of immaturated pigs were investigated. It was found that both hCG and 8-Br-cAMP could enhance the expression level of both the Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and mRNA, and increase the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) significantly depending on stimulating time. However, the effect of 8-Br-cAMP was more significant than that of hCG. While appending the inhibitor of Protein Kinase A (PKA) to Leydig cells in culture, the expression level of StAR protein, mRNA and the activity of ERK1/2 began to drop significantly, but the level of StAR mRNA could still be detectable. While appending the inhibitor of MAPK (PD98059), the expression level of StAR protein and mRNA declined significantly. These results infer that at the beginning of hCG stimulation, hCG increases the level of StAR protein by cAMP-PKA. With prolonged stimulating time, hCG increases the level of StAR protein through cAMP-PKA-ERK1/2. Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2006, 37(11): 1154–1159 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

用不同方法对不同年龄的家兔超排效果比较

本研究采用了FSH＋hCG和FSH＋LH两种超数排卵处理方法对本地白兔分组进行了超排试验。结果表明：（1）对本地白兔采用FSH＋hCG超排处理方法较FSH＋LH超排处理方法超排效果好；（2）本地经产母兔比青年母兔超排效果好。本试验为利用本地白兔进行转基因、胚胎移植等相关方面的科学研究进行了初步工作。     

Efficacy of Deslorelin Acetate (SucroMate) on Induction of Ovulation in American Quarter Horse Mares

Equine clinicians rely on ovulation induction agents to provide a timed ovulation in mares for optimal breeding management. Numerous studies have been performed on the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation in the mare, but limited clinical data are available for the new deslorelin acetate product SucroMate. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of SucroMate (deslorelin) in comparison with hCG to induce ovulation. American Quarter horse mares (n = 256) presented to Colorado State University for breeding management were used in this study. Mares received either deslorelin or hCG when a follicle ≥35 mm was detected by transrectal ultrasound in the presence of uterine edema. Ultrasonographic examinations were subsequently performed once daily until ovulation was detected. Deslorelin was administered to 138 mares during168 estrous cycles, and hCG was given to 118 mares during 136 estrous cycles. Mares administered deslorelin had a similar (P < .05) higher ovulation rate (89.9%) within 48 hours following drug administration than mares administered hCG (82.8%). There are no effects of season or age on ovulation rates in either treatment group. Twenty-one mares administered deslorelin and 11 mares administered hCG were monitored by transrectal ultrasound every 6 hours to detect ovulation as part of a frozen semen management program. Average intervals from deslorelin or hCG administration to ovulation were 41.4 ± 9.4 and 44.4 ± 16.5 hours, respectively. Results of this study indicate that SucroMate is effective at inducing a timed ovulation in the mare.     

Comparison of Compounded Deslorelin and hCG for Induction of Ovulation in Mares

Ovulation-inducing agents are routinely used in broodmare practice. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two compounded deslorelin products and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in inducing ovulation in a clinical reproduction program. Breeding records of 203 mares administered an ovulation-inducing agent during the 2006 breeding season were reviewed. Estrous cycles were included for comparison if agents were administered when the largest follicle was 35 to 45 mm in diameter and endometrial edema was present. There was no significant difference (P > .05) in interval to ovulation for mares receiving deslorelin (1.9 ± 0.7 days) or hCG (2.0 ± 0.7 days). The percentage of mares that ovulated within 48 hours after treatment was also not significantly different between the agents (90.1% and 88.3%, respectively). In summary, clinical efficacy at inducing a timed ovulation in estrual mares with follicles 35 to 45 mm was similar between compounded deslorelin and hCG.