《农业环境科学学报》2022年刊出论文简评

本文简要地介绍了2022年《农业环境科学学报》刊出论文的总体情况和农业环境领域当前的研究热点,重点评述了土壤环境、环境健康与农产品安全、废弃物处理及资源化利用、农业与全球变化领域刊出的论文,总结了当前这些领域重点关注的科学问题及取得的主要进展。     

Beneficial effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth,intestinal health and immunity of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant‐based diets

This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune parameters and disease resistance of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five test diets with commercial protease at the levels of 0, 1.38, 2.76, 5.52 and 11.04 U/g (named PE0, PE1, PE2, PE5 and PE11, respectively) were administered to triplicate tanks with 30 fish for 60 days, and then, the fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae for 14 days. The results indicated that weight gain increased as exogenous protease increased from 0 to 5.52 U protease/g diet and then decreased significantly (p < .05) with a further increase in exogenous protease supplementation (p < .05). The height of the villi in the proximal intestine and distal intestine, the width of the villi in three segments of the intestine, and the thickness of the muscle layer in the proximal intestine and mid‐intestine (p < .05) were increased in the fish fed the PE5 diet. Immune and antioxidant indices (except malondialdehyde), and survival after challenged with S. agalactiae were higher in fish fed PE5 diets than in those fed other diets (p < .05). In conclusion, 5.52 U/g protease supplementation in a plant‐based diet could promote the growth performance, intestinal physical barrier function, innate immunity and S. agalactiae resistance of GIFT.     

多功能植物闭鞘姜保健食品的开发利用

以闭鞘姜为原料,研究开发出闭鞘姜特色风味泡菜、干腌菜和干片三种保健食品。     

沉管隧道健康监测研究

对健康监测技术在沉管隧道上的应用进行了探索性研究,并以建设中的广州洲头咀隧道为研究对象,利用有限元软件对其横向和纵向力学性态进行了分析,建立了沉管隧道工程的健康监测模型,对监测中传感器的布置方案也进行了探索,可为此类工程项目的设计和安全使用提供有益的参考。     

浅谈林业在国民休闲与养生保健中的作用

阐述了我国林业主要功能和在国民休闲与养生保健中的重要作用,指出了发挥林业休闲养生保健作用要重点突出三个主要途径,并提出了发展林业休闲养生保健产业对策建议。     

营养健康与中国农村贫困代际传递

营养健康和贫困代际传递一直是社会发展不可忽视的两大重要部分,它们不仅影响着中国实现全面建设小康社会的进程,更关系着祖国的未来,然而这两大问题在中国农村地区表现的更为突出.该研究主要利用CHNS数据,借助SPSS19.0、Excel等统计软件,对中国农村贫困代际传递的程度,以及营养健康对中国农村贫困代际的作用机制等问题进行实证研究,进而对提高中国农村营养健康水平,改善贫困代际传递状况提出一些可行性建议.研究表明:中国农村依然存在严重的贫困代际传递现象,其中相对代际贫困传递成为主要的形势.父辈的健康水平对子辈健康的影响显著,父辈对子辈的健康投资和对健康的认知水平对子辈健康的影响相对较弱.     

Associations among antimicrobial drug treatments and antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli of swine on 34 farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario, Canada

Logistic regression was used to model associations between antimicrobial treatment and resistance among fecal Escherichia coli of finisher pigs at the farm level. Four sets of potential risk factors representing different levels of refinement of antimicrobial use on farms were modelled on resistance to antimicrobials. Final models for each antimicrobial were constructed from treatment and management variables significant on initial screening, and corrections for overdispersion were made. In general, in-feed antimicrobial treatment of pigs was more consistently associated with an increased risk of resistance than individual-animal treatment. Antimicrobial treatment in starter rations was significant in final models of resistance to ampicillin, carbadox, nitrofurantoin, sulfisoxizole, and tetracycline. Treatment in grower–finisher rations was significantly associated with resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin, sulfisoxizole, and tetracycline. There was little evidence that in-feed antimicrobials increased the risk of resistance to gentamicin, which is a drug used only for individual-pig treatment in this study population. These results suggest that antimicrobial medication of rations of post-weaning pigs selects for and maintains antimicrobial resistance among E. coli of finisher pigs. Although resistance was common on farms that did not medicate rations of post-weaning pigs, the results indicate that antimicrobial use does increase the risk of resistance to the antimicrobials studied.     

特种经济动物兽医公共卫生

人类健康、畜牧业和动物卫生是紧密相联的,兽医公共卫生不仅聚焦于食品卫生和环境的污染,保证食品安全,减少食源性疾病的发生,并且在再发和新发人兽共患病的控制中已经起到不可替代的重要作用。文中简述了兽医在公共卫生方面的作用、兽医公共卫生面临的问题和特种经济动物的兽医公共卫生。     

哈尔滨开发区北部区热源厂的职业卫生防护措施

就哈尔滨开发区北部区热源厂工程中存在的职业病危害因素,其中主要对粉尘、毒物及噪声、辐射电场等因素进行了剖析论述,并针对各主要因素提出了具体的防护措施。