桉树无性系在华南6种立地条件下的适生性评价

【目的】科学评价桉树无性系在不同立地条件下的抗性和适生性,为桉树"适地适树"种植提供科学依据。【方法】从成活率、树高、胸径、发病率、风害率以及材积等方面,在广东、广西6种不同立地条件下,开展了目前主要推广种植的10个桉树无性系的适生性对比试验。【结果】杂交桉树无性系仍然保持着其适应性强的优良特性,成活率除LH9224为93.7%以外,其余全部在95.0%以上。不同立地条件下各无性系的抗病能力存在较大差异,无性系中以LH9224发病率最高,平均超过6.7%,LH9211没有病株,抗病性最强;立地类型中的黏重土壤发病率最高,平均为3.63%,轻质砂壤土为0。各无性系间的抗风性存在显著差异,在平均风力为9级时,1.5年生幼林的风害率为5%~64%,DH3327和DH3226的抗风性最差,风害率大于60%,LH9211、LH9224和Sh1的抗风性最强,风害率小于10%;6年生成林则以M1和DH2012的风折情况较为严重,遇11级大风时,风折率12%。各无性系间的速生性也存在极显著差异,8.5年生时年均出材量(MAI)为17.19~38.87 m3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),其中以钦廉试验地的DH3213表现最好,U6表现最差,6种立地条件下6.5年生时,10个桉树无性系的平均MAI为12.24~26.97m3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。【结论】台风频发地区可多种植抗风性强的尾细桉E.urophylla×E.tereticornis系列的LH9224无性系,而在内陆少有风害的地区,DH3213和DH3327是较为理想的种植品系,对于成活率最差和发病率最高的唐家等地区,适宜选择成活率最高的M1和抗病性较好的LH9211,而对于出材率较差的吴川和遂溪等地区,适宜选择速生性最佳的DH3213。     

酵母细胞壁多糖与铝硅酸盐复合物对猪生长性能、免疫指标及养分消化率的影响

本研究旨在探讨酵母细胞壁多糖(yeast polysaccharide,YP)与铝硅酸盐复合物(alumi-nosilicate complex,AC)对猪的生长性能、免疫指标及养分消化率的影响。试验选用平均体重为(66.18±1.26)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪140头,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复7头猪。各组分别饲喂添加不同剂量复合物的试验饲粮,A组为对照组,不添加复合物;B组添加0.1%YP;C组添加0.1%YP和0.9%AC;D组添加0.1%YP和1.9%AC;E组添加0.1%YP和2.9%AC。试验期51 d。结果表明:1)D、E组平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各组平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);2)与对照组相比,D组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及补体3(C3)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平显著提高(P<0.05),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和补体4(C4)水平无显著差异(P>0.05);3)各组养分消化率无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,YP和AC复合使用降低了育肥猪的生长性能,0.1%YP和1.9%AC同时添加可增强生长猪的免疫功能。     

项目教学法在高职高专种植类专业教学中的运用

高职高专种植类专业课程的特点必须注重实操性与创新性.为了培养高素质、高能力、复合型人才,要求教师必须不断探索新的教学方法.本文介绍了一种在各国高校其它专业已经成功应用的“项目教学法”,结合作者几年的教学实践经验总结,重点探讨了“项目教学法”在本专业的操作优势和具体实施过程,同时指出该教学法存在的局限性和应注意事项,为在种植类专业各课程中推广“项目教学法”提出一些建设性措施和方法.     

三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子关系分析

应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析方法 ,对三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子间的关系进行了定量分析 ,确定出影响材积生长量的主导气候因子为水分因子 ,光照因子次之 ,热量因子的影响最小     

Control of Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing of witloof chicory with the rhamnolipid-based biosurfactant formulation PRO1

Rhamnolipids, extracellular metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with surfactant properties, proved to be very effective in controlling the spread of brown root rot disease caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory ( Cichorium intybus var. foliosum ). The biosurfactant was applied as the product PRO1, a formulation of 25% rhamnolipids in oil. Both an in vitro screening and in vivo experiments in a mini-hydroponic system demonstrated the ability of PRO1 to control brown root rot. A 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids nutrient solution was enough to obtain good control of an artificial infection with a zoospore suspension of P. cryptogea . The biosurfactant PRO1 performed well in a semicommercial system under growers' conditions. A treatment of 25  µ g mL⁻¹ rhamnolipids (100  µ g mL⁻¹ PRO1) reduced the disease incidence significantly in two independent experiments. However, PRO1 was not effective when a mycelial suspension was used as inoculum. Rhamnolipids have good potential to limit the spread of P. cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory, and can be used as a preventive measure against brown root rot.     

厚朴播种育苗密度

本文分析了厚朴苗木留苗密度与地径，苗高，根系生叶面积等苗木主要生长因子的相关关系，认为厚朴播种育苗的最佳留苗密度为２５．７％万株／ｈｍ＾２。     

灌注果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响

采用营养灌注技术研究了果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。试验选取6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊，随机分为两组，试验组一灌注1．00％果寡糖，试验组二灌注2．00％果寡糖。结果表明：灌注果寡糖可以显著（P〈0．05）降低试羊的瘤胃液相pH和瘤胃内的NH3-N浓度，显著提高（P〈0．05）瘤胃内的VFA含量和MCP含量。两个灌注水平都可以提高生长绵羊的瘤胃发酵功能。但2．00％的灌注水平仅在瘤胃NH3-N浓度的降幅方面比1．00％的灌注水平显著增大（P〈0．05），在对瘤胃液相pH值、VFA含量和MCP含量的影响方面两个灌注水平没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明:与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境。     

滩羊尿对典型草原三种草地植物生长的短期作用特性

研究了不同尿液浓度和土壤含水量下，羊尿对典型草原植物茵陈蒿、委陵菜和狗尾草生长的短期作用特性。结果表明，不同施尿量施尿后1个月，狗尾草对羊尿沉积的响应为高尿液浓度负效应，低尿液浓度正效应；茵陈蒿和委陵菜为负效应。土壤含水量越高，羊尿对其分蘖（枝）的负效应越低。不同尿液浓度下，三种植物对羊尿响应的负效应顺序为茵陈蒿〉委陵菜〉狗尾草；且其分蘖（枝）对羊尿和土壤水分互作反应的正效应顺序为狗尾草〉委陵菜〉茵陈蒿。具体放牧过程中，可通过家畜适时饮水降低尿液浓度，以降低畜尿对草地的负效应。     

Small area estimations of proportion of forest and timber volume combining Lidar data and stereo aerial images with terrestrial data

Abstract

Methods for small area estimations were compared for estimating the proportion of forest and growing stock volume of temperate mixed forests within a district of a member state (canton) in Switzerland. The estimators combine terrestrial data with remotely sensed auxiliary data. By using different model types, different sources of auxiliary data and different methods of processing the auxiliary data, the increase in estimation precision was tested. Using the canopy height derived from remote sensing data, the growing stock volume and the proportion of forest were estimated. The regression models used for the small area estimation provided a coefficient of determination of up to 68% for the timber volume. The proportion of plots correctly classified into forest and non-forest plots ranged between 0.9 and 0.98. Models calibrated over forest area only resulted in a maximal coefficient of determination of 37%. Even though these coefficients indicate a moderate model quality, the use of remote sensing data clearly improved the estimation precision of both the proportion of forest and the growing stock volume. Generally, Lidar data led to slightly higher estimates compared to data from aerial photography. It was possible to reduce the variance of the estimated proportion of forest to nearly one tenth compared with the variance based on the terrestrial measurements alone. Similarly, the variance of the growing stock volume could be reduced to one fourth as compared with the variance based solely on the terrestrial measurements.