对退耕还林还草有关问题的进一步思考

阐述了“一退双还”政策措施提出的意义和实施情况,提出应进一步明确“一退双还”的目的,从思想和政策上解决重林木轻草灌的倾向,力戒形式主义和表面文章、讲求实绩实效,“以林为主”的绿化方针值得进一步深思和商榷,“一退双还”的责任制和利益机制需进一步完善等一系列问题,值得进一步深入思考和认真解决,以保证“一退双还”和国土绿化工作的持续和健康发展。     

黄土高原人工草地的土壤水分动态及水土保持效益研究

通过９年观测，黄土高原人工草地土壤水分的季节性变化可划分为三个阶段，在此基础上模拟不同人工草地土壤水分的变化规律；随着牧草生育期的延长至第９年，人工草地土壤水分恢复程度逐渐减弱；沙打旺生存能力极强，能够高效地利用深层土壤贮水；用数学模型可以模拟不同人工草地的水土流失，将植被因子引入水土流失方程，可以定量描述对水土流失的影响；反映植被、土壤等因子与水土流失关系的复合因子Ａ￣１值，基本上代表不同人工草地水土流失状况。     

农牧交错地区沙漠化土地整治与开发利用

本文从自然条件的特点和生产的实际出发，对农牧交错地区沙漠化土地的整治模式与技术及其开发利用的前景作了较为详细的论述。提出这一地区沙漠化土地的整治必须与开发利用相结合；与农牧林业生产的实际相结合。在整治中开发，在开发中整治，才能达到既整治环境又发展生产的目的。     

祁连山地高山灌木—苔藓草地初级生产能力及土壤生态系统对干扰的反应

本文报导了祁连山冷龙岭东段马牙雪山前山带阴坡高山灌木—苔藓草地植物量及初级生产能力,并结合立地条件的观测资料,就土壤生态系统的似冻原特征及其对人工干扰的反应进行了初步探讨。     

广西草地资源开发利用策略初探

对广西草地的类型，数量，载畜能力及基本特征进行了论述，提出了合理开发利用草地资源的五条措施。     

广西加速加大草业发展势在必行

草业具有生态的功能,又有经济的优势。广西的草业资源丰富,在农业中是一个比较优势的产业,而且发展潜力大。发展草业对于山多地少,以及众多少数民族聚居在山区这样一个特定的广西来说,具有十分重要的意义。然而目前,草业在广西还是比较薄弱,为此,提出发展草业的对策。     

Costs and Returns of Camels,Cattle and Small Ruminants in Pastoral Herds in Eastern Ethiopia

Two questionnaire surveys (2×44) were conducted among pastoral households, using three grazing management systems. The average number of Tropical Livestock Units (250 kg) was 4.0 per member of the household. Milk production was the most important source of revenue (66% of the total) followed by sale of livestock (17%) and transport (16%). High mortality rates were recorded for all livestock. About 27% of the milk was sold fresh or as butter. Sedentary and transhumant grazing management systems showed similar levels of income, but nomads had a 2.6-fold higher overall net income. The average total gross income from the entire herd amounted to US$ 6382 per household per year. The calculated costs were 29% of the gross returns. The contribution to the total gross revenues of camels, cattle and small ruminants was 58%, 25% and 17%, respectively.     

Bush cover and range condition assessments in relation to landscape and grazing in southern Ethiopia

Progressive growth of bush cover in dry savannahs is responsible for declines in range conditions. In southern Ethiopia, the Booran pastoralists assisted our understanding of spatial patterns of bush cover and range conditions in 54 landscape patch types grouped into six landscape units within an area of 30000 km². The size of landscape patches sampled was 625 m². We assessed the relationships between bush cover, grass cover and bare soil and grazing pressure and soil erosion and changes in range condition. Externally, political conflicts and internally, break down of land use, and official bans on the use of fire promoted bush cover and the decline in range conditions. Bush cover was negatively correlated with grass cover, and positively correlated with bare soil. Grass cover was negatively correlated with bare soil and grazing pressure in most landscape patch types. Grazing pressure was not significantly correlated with bush cover or bare soil, while soil erosion was directly related to bare soil. Soil erosion was absent in 64% of the landscape patch types, and seemingly not a threat to the rangelands. The relationship between bush cover, grass cover, bare soil and soil erosion is complex and related to climate, landscape geology, and patterns of land use. Main threats to range conditions are bush climax, loss of grass cover and unpalatable forbs. Currently, >70% of the landscape patch types are in poor to fair range conditions. Decline in range conditions, unless reversed, will jeopardise the pastoral production system in southern Ethiopia.     

三江源区高寒草甸草场放牧牦牛采食量的测定

试验选用约2．5岁公牦牛8头，在三江源地区玉树县的高寒草甸草场，应用4N盐酸不溶灰分法（4N—AIA）和木质素标记物法测定了不同物候期（青草期和枯黄期）放牧牦牛日采食量及牧草营养成分的消化率。结果表明：2．5岁牦牛在青草期、枯黄期的100kg体重日采食量分别为3．69kg和2．96kg，差异极显著（P〈0.01）；其不同物候期的千物质消化率分别为65．70％、61．72％（P〉0．05），粗蛋白的消化率为62．25％、39．00％（P〈0．01），粗脂肪为49．36％、58．18％（P〈0．05），ADF的消化率为57．88％、62．67％（P〉0．05），NDF的消化率为69．09％、79．38％（P＜0．01）。     

暖季放牧犊牦牛对高寒草甸地区人工草地的影响

为更好地了解青藏高原高寒草甸区暖季放牧条件下人工草地牧草的生长特点,为制定合理放牧制度提供依据,于2001~2003年开展了暖季放牧牦牛对多年生人工草地影响的试验。结果表明:放牧2年后轮牧人工草地播种牧草比例为95.27%,连续放牧人工草地为86.15%,无放牧人工草地为58.01%。轮牧人工草地牧草月风干重最高值3 198.8 kg/hm2,连续放牧人工草地为3 023.2 kg/hm2。放牧可以提高人工草地牧草生长率,轮牧人工草地的牧草生长率高于连续放牧人工草地。放牧还影响着第2年播种牧草的生长,轮牧能促进种子出苗数,播种牧草的鲜重,风干重和种子产量分别达到了5 088.88 kg/hm2,3 053.33 kg/hm2和480 kg/hm2,均高于连续放牧人工草地和无放牧草地,轮牧人工草地杂草鲜草产量最低,为193.33 kg/hm2。适宜的放牧是保持人工草地可持续利用的手段之一。