Radiographic, computed tomographic, and ultrasonographic findings with migrating intrathoracic grass awns in dogs and cats.

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with migrating intrathoracic grass awns. Thirty-five dogs and five cats with visual confirmation of a grass awn following surgery, endoscopy or necropsy, and histology were assessed. The medical records and all diagnostic imaging studies were reviewed retrospectively. Labrador Retrievers or English Pointers < 5 years of age, with a history of coughing and hyperthermia, were the most common presentations. Seventeen animals had an inflammatory leukogram of which 14 had a left shift or toxic neutrophils. Radiographs were performed in 38 animals and computed tomography (CT) in 14. Thoracic radiographs were characterized by focal pulmonary interstitial to alveolar opacities (n = 26) that occurred most commonly in the caudal (n = 19) or accessory lobes (n = 8). Additional findings included pneumothorax (n = 9), pleural effusion (n = 8), and pleural thickening (n = 7). Pulmonary opacities identified on radiographs correlated to areas of pneumonia and foreign body location. CT findings included focal interstitial to alveolar pulmonary opacities (n = 12) most commonly in the right caudal lung lobe (n = 9), pleural thickening (n = 11), mildly enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 10), soft tissue tracking (n = 7) with enhancing margins (n = 4), pneumothorax (n = 6), pleural effusion (n = 4), and foreign body visualization (n = 4). Histologic diagnoses included pulmonary and mediastinal granulomas or abscesses, bronchopneumonia, and pleuritis. Migrating intrathoracic grass awns should be considered as a differential diagnosis in coughing, febrile animals with focal interstitial to alveolar pulmonary opacities, pleural effusion, pleural thickening, and/or pneumothorax on radiographs or CT.     

甘肃省退耕还林还草区划刍议

根据气候资源、土地状况、草地类型的不同,将降水和积温同海拔结合,并与相关的行政区划相统一,整体上将甘肃省的绿化区域划分为干旱荒漠区、高寒草原区、灌溉农业区、黄土高原区、青藏高寒区、半湿润区和亚热带湿润区7个区域,并进行了详细地分区论述,为甘肃省退耕还林还草和生态建设提供科学依据.     

南方山区草地资源的特点及开发利用途径和原则

根据生态学的基本原理，对我国南方山区草地资源的特点进行了分析，从生成学类型上该地区划时进行了划分，进而提出了南方山区草地开发利用的途径和原则。     

绿色富硒牧草饲料作物生产技术规程

本规程规定了绿色富硒牧草饲料作物的生产基地环境、种植区域分布、生产管理、刈割利用、票证管理等内容,并制定了牧草饲料作物硒含量达到0.01～0.1mg/kg的产品标准.     

不同方法处理对4种野生草种发芽率的影响

试验采用了酸、碱、有机试剂、植物激素、热水浸泡、超声波以及擦破种皮等11种方法对4种野生草种进行处理。结果表明:所有方法处理对马唐的种子萌发均没有显著影响(P0.05);野豌豆种子在擦破种皮处理下,发芽率从1.11%提高到96.67%,达到极显著水平(P0.01),其他处理对野豌豆种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05);香附子和稗草种子在20%NaOH的方法处理下,发芽率分别从10%和2.22%提高到86.67%和58.33%,均达到极显著水平(P0.01);此外,1 000mg/L赤霉素浸种处理也可极显著提高香附子种子的发芽率(P0.01)。其他方法处理对香附子和稗草种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05)。不同野生草种的休眠特性不同,试验选用的马唐种子无休眠性;野豌豆种子需物理破皮;20%的NaOH和1 000mg/L赤霉素处理可打破香附子种子休眠;20%的NaOH处理能打破稗草种子休眠。     

牧草替代防制紫茎泽兰的研究

本研究采用牧草替代防制紫茎泽兰,充分利用紫茎泽兰的侵袈地发展种草养畜。研究表明,适当密度种植王草、牛鞭草等牧草,既可保证牧草的产量、品质,又可有效防制紫茎泽兰的扩散蔓延,是充分利用紫茎泽兰侵袈地和防制紫茎泽兰的好方法。     

西部农村发展奶牛小区的优势及注意问题

西部农村饲草资源充裕,发展奶牛养殖小区有利于减少草料运输费用,有利于减轻城郊养牛环境污染,有利于改善牛奶质量。本文提出小区建设应注意的五个问题:注重奶牛质量;采用胚胎移植技术,提高小区牛群的个体产奶量:种养结合,建立与奶牛养殖业配套的饲草生产基地;改进饲养管理,推行混合日粮饲养技术;实行行业准入制度,控制小区环境污染,提高牛奶质量,生产绿色奶品。     

12份苜蓿种质材料的氨基酸分析

以新疆大叶苜蓿品种为对照,对通过田间综合农艺特性评价筛选出的12份优良苜蓿种质材料分别进行了其盛花期第一茬草和再生草茎、叶及植株(全株)的氨基酸分析.结果表明盛花期刈割供试种质材料(包括对照)植株总氨基酸平均含量为11.83%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为17.99%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为6.10%;再生草植株总氨基酸平均含量为13.78%,叶总氨基酸平均含量为20.17%,茎总氨基酸平均含量为7.19%;供试的12号、9号、3号、5号、2号和8号种质材料含有相对于新疆大叶苜蓿品种较高的总氨基酸, 来自前苏联的12号种质材料还含有较高的必需氨基酸.     

Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in faeces and ileal contents from grass sickness affected horses: Comparisons with 3 control populations

Reasons for performing study: While previous studies have demonstrated an association between equine grass sickness (EGS) and the presence of Clostridium botulinum within ileal contents and faeces, no such associations with other intestinal‐derived anaerobic bacteria have been extensively investigated. Hypothesis: The prevalence of C. perfringens in the ileal contents and faeces of EGS horses is greater than control horses; the detection of C. perfringens in faeces by ELISA could be diagnostically beneficial in a clinical setting. Methods: The prevalence of C. perfringens in faeces from EGS horses and healthy grazing control horses was determined by both selective culture and ELISA to permit both validation of the ELISA and inter‐group comparisons. Additionally, the prevalence of C. perfringens (ELISA) in ileal contents from EGS horses was compared with that for control horses with nongastrointestinal disease. Finally, the prevalence of C. perfringens (ELISA) in faeces from EGS cases was compared with that from both horses with which they shared pasture at the time of disease onset and non‐EGS colic horses. Results: When compared with culture, the ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 86 and 98%, respectively. The prevalence of C. perfringens in faeces as determined by both culture and ELISA was significantly higher (P<0.001) for EGS horses (7/9 and 15/37, respectively) than for healthy grazing controls (0/60 and 1/74, respectively). The prevalence of C. perfringens in ileal contents from EGS horses (5/10) was greater than that for horses with nongastrointestinal disease (1/12) at a level that approached significance (P = 0.056). EGS cases had a significantly greater prevalence of C. perfringens in faeces (15/37) than co‐grazing horses (1/18) and colic (1/16) horses. The specificity (93%) and PPV (94%) of the detection of C. perfringens by ELISA on faecal samples in relation to disease status (EGS compared with colic horses) was good. Sensitivity (41%) and NPV (39%) were poor. Conclusions and potential relevance: The use of a commercial ELISA to detect faecal C. perfringens may be diagnostically beneficial when differentiating EGS cases from colic cases, although further work is required to fully evaluate its potential.     

蛋壳资源综合开发利用

文中从禽蛋生产和蛋壳资源现状出发,论述了蛋壳资源利用的意义以及蛋壳资源的可利用方式,为蛋壳资源的综合开发利用提供指导。