玉米自交系吉D284和吉D2417的创制与应用

玉米Reid群自交系PH6WC具有配合力高、自身产量高、商品品质优、种子早发性好、适宜精量播种的优点,不抗玉米大斑病。选用同为Reid群种质且高抗玉米大斑病的自交系33D22与其杂交作为选系基础材料,通过大群体、高密度、人工接种的方法育成抗大斑病、高产、优质、高配合力的自交系吉D284、吉D2417,以其作为亲本分别育成玉米新品种吉单616和吉单626,2021年通过吉林省审定。     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

不同性状对玉米种质优势类群划分结果的影响

利用常用玉米自交系为材料,按Griffing4模式进行双列杂交.以单株粒重和6个性状的总配合力值为依据,对20个自交系进行了聚类分析.结果表明,不同性状对聚类分析结果有一定的影响.     

Laboratory Measurement of Mowing Machine Material Feed Rate

The main objective of this research was to evaluate two possibilities of material feed rate measurement of modern mowing machines equipped with conditioner. The machines are commonly used for harvest of grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Dactylus glomerata, Phleum pratense, etc.), clover (Trifolium pratense, etc.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) etc.A mowing machine with finger conditioner was equipped with an electronic measuring unit for the purpose of our measurements. The mowing machine's conditioner shaft was supplied with strain gauges placed on a torque-meter and with a RPM optical sensor counter. Together with torque-meter the mowing machine was equipped with a curved impact plate mounted on the machine's material output.It was decided to arrange a laboratory measurement to obtain information about the dependence of conditioner power input and signals from the impact plate on material mass flow. A mixture of grass and alfalfa was used for our measurement.The measurements carried out proved that a very good linear relationship existed between the conditioner's power input, output frequency of the apparatus measuring impact force by means of the impact plate, and material feed rate through the mowing machine. The calculated coefficients of correlation were about 0.95. It is possible to differentiate a material feed rate difference of 0.5kgs^–1 using both methods. This accuracy should be sufficient for practical utilisation such as creating yield maps.     

利用高密度 Bin 图谱定位水稻叶绿素含量 QTL

【目的】探索水稻叶绿素含量及其对氮肥响应的遗传机理,为氮高效、高光效的水稻品种培育提供新的标记区段。【方法】以珍汕 97× 明恢 63 重组自交系 RIL（F11）113 个家系为 QTL 分析的试验材料,在大田栽培条件下,以施氮量为主区、家系为裂区,设计低氮处理（不施氮肥）和正常氮处理（纯氮130、135 kg/hm2）,分别于水稻移栽后 30 d 测定 1.5 叶的 SPAD 值,于抽穗期测定剑叶的 SPAD 值。利用包含1 619 个 Bin 标记的高密度遗传图谱,使用 IciMapping V3.4 软件和完备区间作图法,定位控制水稻叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL。【结果】在两年、两个氮处理和两个发育时期共检测到 15 个调控叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL,分别分布在第 1、2、3、6、7、10、11 号染色体上。单一 QTL 贡献率为 1.21%~40.74%。通过物理位置比较,发现其中 6个 QTL 已经被克隆或与前人定位到的叶绿素含量相关位点在同一区间。其中,在第 6 染色体的 8.45~9.12 Mb 处定位到 1 个调控抽穗期剑叶叶绿素的位点,命名为 qHDCHL6-1,该位点在两年和两个氮处理下均被检测到,贡献率为 1.55%~28.01%。结合功能注释,共筛选到 4 个与叶绿素代谢密切相关的基因,分别为 LOC_Os06g15370（OsNPF3.1）、LOC_Os06g15420（OsAS2）、LOC_Os06g15620（GAST）和 LOC_Os06g15590,其中前 3 个基因已被鉴定克隆。【结论】共检测到 15 个控制水稻移栽后 30 d 和抽穗期叶片叶绿素含量的 QTL,鉴定了 1 个稳定表达的 QTL 位点 qHDCHL6-1,在该区间筛选到 4 个候选基因。     

小组参与式教学在水产动物营养与饲料学中的探索与实践

为提高学生在教学过程中的参与度,培养学生自主学习与相互协作的能力,提出了以小组为单位参与水产动物营养与饲料学课堂教学的详细方案,制定了相应的考核评价体系。教学实践证明,这一方法对于提高学生学习的主动性、积极性,培养学生独立思考、自主解决问题的能力及团队合作精神是确实有效的。分析了应用中存在的一些问题,并提出了进一步改进完善的措施。     

葡萄糖酸、谷氨酰胺及其组合物替代饲用抗生素对仔猪生产性能的影响

[目的]集约化养猪场生产条件下分别用葡萄糖酸(Gluconic acid,GA)、谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,GN)、葡萄糖酸+谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后对仔猪生产性能的影响.[方法]选取24窝1日龄仔猪,随机分为四个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,试验期为42 d.分组情况:对照组为基础日粮中添加抗生素(60 mg/kg抗敌素、75 mg/kg金霉素);GA组为1 kg基础日粮中加GA1.5 g;GN组为1kg基础日粮中加GN2 g;GA+ GN组为/kg基础日粮中加GA 1.5 g+GN2 g.仔猪28日龄断奶.以窝为重复单位.在第1、21、28和42 d早晨逐头空腹称重.记录仔猪每天的投料量、剩料量,同时记录每窝的仔猪数、腹泻数以及死淘数.计算各阶段及全期仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、腹泻率、死淘率.[结果]21～42 d,GA组、GN组、GA+ GN组仔猪平均日增重与对照组相比,分别降低了8.00; (P ＞0.05)、16.00; (P ＜0.05)、8.00;(P＞0.05);全期各组仔猪腹泻头次分别为37、31、27、18,有逐渐降低的趋势;平均日采食量、平均体重、饲料转化率、死淘率方面,试验组仔猪与对照组均差异不显著(P＞0.05).各试验组仔猪之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]饲用抗生素组仔猪21～42 d的平均日增重要好于各替代组,但各替代组仔猪的平均日采食量、活体重及料重比等指标上与饲用抗生素添加组相比均无显著差异;与饲用抗生素组仔猪相比,各替代组的仔猪腹泻发生频次有降低的趋势.试验为在集约化养猪场生产实际中用葡萄糖酸、谷氨酰胺或葡萄糖酸+谷氨酰胺替代仔猪日粮中饲用抗生素的应用提供了参考依据.     

101份糯玉米自交系的遗传多样性

为筛选出形态学表现好、遗传距离较远的糯玉米自交系类群,利用 SSR分子标记技术对表型不同的101份糯玉米自交系进行 SSR 分子标记遗传多样性分析。结果表明,30对 SSR 引物筛选出23对多态性好、带型稳定的引物,分布在玉米所有染色体上;共检测出128个条带,108个等位基因,平均每个引物检测出4．7个等位基因;23对引物多态性信息量为0．59～0．94,平均为0．85;SSR 聚类结果将101份糯玉米自交系分为10大类群。     

江苏宝应湖湿地秋冬两季鸟类区系组成及多样性调查

于2012年9月至2013年3月采用样线法对江苏扬州宝应湖湿地冬季鸟类的区系组成进行调研,调查期间共记录到鸟类56种,隶属11目28科。冬季鸟类组成中,留鸟31种,冬候鸟19种,旅鸟6种。古北界鸟类24种,东洋界鸟类20种,其余12种为广布型,鸟类的区系组成兼有古北界和东洋界过渡的特点。鸟类群落多样性的比较分析显示,湖岸生境较敞水区生境的鸟类多样性程度高。调查期间未发现大型雁鸭类。结果表明,保护区域内越冬鸟类的多样性,必须权衡满足当地居民对淡水资源的合理需求与尽可能多地保护生物多样性这两者之间的关系。     

两系杂交稻品种两优培九作物生长率的气候模型及分析

分析两系杂交稻品种两优培九生长速率(CGR)的气候生态特性,对于优化规划种植区域具有积极意义。通过建立大田生长期（返青-成熟）相应于7个气象参数的CGR模型,并依据1980-2002年的气候资料,计算了109个地区（包括季节）的两优培九CGR,按7个水稻种植生态条件类型归纳,平均值变化在13.83～23.44 g/d·m2。华南地区早、晚稻CGR较低,长江中下游流域一季中稻较高,黄淮稻区、四川盆地稻区和云贵高原单季稻区的CGR高达18～22 g/d·m2。综合考虑生长季节的要求和CGR的优势,两优培九的最优化种植区域宜在长江中下游流域和黄淮流域偏南地区。