Arthropod-borne agents in wild Orinoco geese (Neochen jubata) in Brazil

Although Orinoco goose (Neochen jubata) is an anatid species widely distributed in South America, scarce are the reports on the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens in this avian species. The present work aimed to verify, by serological and molecular methods, the occurrence of haemosporida piroplasmids and Anaplasmataceae agents in wild Orinoco geese captured in Brazil. Between 2010 and 2014, 62 blood samples were collected from free-living geese captured in the Araguaia River, Goiás State, Brazil. Six geese (10%) were seropositive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, showing titers ranging from 40 and 80. Twenty out of 62 blood samples (32.25%) were positive in nested PCR for hemosporidia (cytochrome b gene). Fifteen and five sequences shared identity with Haemoproteus and Plasmodium, respectively. Six out of 62 blood samples (9.68%) were positive in nested PCR for Babesia spp. (18S rRNA gene); one sequence showed to be closely related to Babesia vogeli. Thirty (48.38%) out of 62 Orinoco geese blood samples were positive in nested cPCR assays for Anaplasmataceae agents (16S rRNA gene): three for Anaplasma spp. and 27 for Ehrlichia. Six geese were simultaneously positive to Haemoproteus and Ehrlichia; three animals were co-positive to different Ehrlichia species/genotypes; and one goose sample was positive for both Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. The present work showed the occurrence of Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus species in free-living N. jubata in Brazil. The threat of these arthropod-borne pathogens in Orinoco goose’s fitness, especially during the breading season, should be assessed in the future.     

鹅源高活力纤维素分解菌的分离鉴定

利用纤维素刚果红培养基初筛,滤纸失重和酶活测定试验复筛,从鹅盲肠筛选到1株纤维素分解能力较强的真菌F67。经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定,F67为草酸青霉,微生物保藏号为CGMCC NO.2260。该菌在以纤维素为唯一碳源的培养液中,28℃振荡培养8 d,滤纸纤维素失重率达28.53%,滤纸酶活力(FPA)可达449.79 U/g。试验结果还表明,真菌分解纤维素的能力最强,放线菌次之,细菌最差。     

李子果园种草养鹅试验研究及效益分析

鹅是草食家禽,养鹅效益主要来自优质饲草的转化。以100亩李园生态养鹅的饲养模式每批养殖 2 000 只肉鹅,一年养二批,饲养 120d出栏每只重达 4 kg,增加产值32万元,李园新增净利润达 12.58万元。山区果园配套种植优质牧草养鹅,取代了人工割草,不需打除草剂,能肥地壮树,实现果-草-鹅共生的良性循环农业,提高土地产出率,提升果品和鹅肉品质,提高果园生态养鹅的综合效益,实现山区果园种养增效,农民增收。     

重组鹅β-防御素7蛋白的原核表达及其生物学特性分析

为探讨鹅β-防御素7(Av BD7)的生物学特性,将鹅Av BD7基因亚克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体p Pro EX HTa的EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切位点上,构建重组表达质粒p Pro EX-Av BD7,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态细胞中,用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)对其菌液进行诱导表达。经N-三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Tricine-SDS-PAGE)分析,该重组蛋白大小为10~15 ku,与预期大小结果一致。重组鹅Av BD7蛋白纯化后,通过菌落计数的方法测定其体外抗大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等抑菌活性,盐离子浓度对其抗菌活性的影响及其对鸡红细胞的溶血活性。结果显示,重组鹅Av BD7蛋白对所测定的5种细菌均有显著抗菌活性(P0.05),且其抑菌活性随蛋白浓度的增加而增强。高浓度盐离子(150 mmol/L)显著抑制重组鹅Av BD7蛋白的抗菌活性(P0.05)。重组鹅Av BD7蛋白对鸡红细胞没有溶血活性(P0.05)。由此可见,重组鹅Av BD7蛋白具有广谱抗菌活性,高浓度盐离子显著降低其抗菌活性,且该重组蛋白不具有溶血活性。     

酱鹅肥肝的研制

在确定了酱鹅肥肝生产工艺的基础上,利用三因素三水平正交实验确定了几种辅料的最佳配比。结果表明,酱鹅肥肝的标准生产工艺为：修割、洗涤、预煮、冲洗、熟制、真空封口、高压灭菌、包装,所用辅料的配比为：糖30g／500g、环状糊精2g／500g、VE0．24g／500g。     

Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types

The anatomy of the sternum in birds varies according to their habitats and type of locomotion. In particular, the carina sterni manifest different shape variations. In this study, the shape of the carina sterni was investigated by means of geometric morphometrics. Birds of different types of locomotion were used in the study: flying, swimming, and terrestrial. Ducks and chickens show a wider variety of shapes. Pigeons are the species with the least differences. The margo cranialis carinae in a turkey is the flattest compared to other species. In chickens, the apex carinae is more caudally than the base of the carina sterni. The margo cranialis of the carina sterni in ducks is concave. The differences in centroid size and shape differences between species collectively are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The most distinct shape contrast is between the duck and turkey (p: 0.0003). Form differences between the ducks and geese as well as between the chicken and turkey are statistically insignificant. There is less variation in the shape of the carina sterni among avian species representing the same type of locomotion. Although there are many comparative morphological and morphometric studies of birds, shape analysis studies revealing the interspecific differences and similarities of the sternum are very limited. Morphology of the carina sterni can be useful in taxonomic investigations.