鹅副粘病毒HN基因在昆虫杆状系统表达及其抗原性鉴定

血凝素-神经氨酸酶蛋白(HN)是鹅副粘病毒诱导体液免疫的重要靶抗原。经pMD18-T-HN阳性质粒扩增了HN基因,亚克隆至昆虫杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBacHis2A,并将其与线性化的杆状病毒共转染对数生长期的sf 9细胞,得到重组杆状病毒rBv-HN,试验表明,HN在昆虫细胞中得到表达,且产物具有抗原性。     

盐水鹅辐照保质试验研究

鹅是食草家禽,鹅肉属现代健康食品。盐水鹅在20℃的贮存条件下仅36h就会出现异味变质。介绍了通过用不同包装材料、不同辐照剂量保质处理以及对盐水鹅氨基酸影响的研究,探讨了盐水鹅辐照保质的方法,为延长盐水鹅货架期提供新途径。     

不同生长模型估计籽鹅早期体重发育规律及遗传参数

运用Logistic,Gompertz,VonBertalanfy和Cubic4种非线性生长模型对籽鹅1～1周龄的平均体重进行拟合,并分析生长发育规律及遗传参数。结果表明:虽然4个模型都能描述籽鹅的生长过程,拟合度均超过额0.99;但Logistic模型更符合实际饲养情况,能更好地预测体重,为最佳模型,其相应的体重极限参数A为2267.63g,调节参数B为16.27,瞬时相对生长率C为0.47,生长的拐点时间为6.48周龄,拐点体重为1136.81g。     

应用核酸斑点杂交法检测鹅细小病毒(GPV)

利用鹅细小病毒 (GPV)核酸探针 ,设计并建立了核酸斑点杂交法 ,用以检测 GPV核酸。该方法特异性与敏感性均较好 ,其敏感度可达 3pg。应用该方法对 4例病变典型的小鹅瘟患鹅组织器官进行检测 ,结果表明 ,患鹅脏器中 ,小肠、心、肝、胰、脾组织含毒量较高 ,其中小肠组织含毒量最高 ,而脑组织中含毒量较低。应用琼脂扩散试验验证了核酸斑点杂交法的检测结果。     

常用消毒药剂对不同存在状态微孢子虫孢子的消毒效果

研究了甲醛制剂（福尔马林液）和含氯制剂（漂白粉液）对蚕粪、地表层土、蚕体、蛹体、蛾体内微孢子虫（Nosema bombycis）孢子的消毒效果。结果表明福尔马林液的消毒效果明显优于漂白粉液的消毒效果。但是在养蚕生产常规消毒条件下,两种消毒药剂对蚕体、蛹体、蛾体、深处土层、蚕粪(除福尔马林液外)中微孢子虫孢子均没有彻底的消毒效果。     

籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基cDNA的分子克隆与序列分析

从新屠宰的雌性籽鹅脑垂体中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR法扩增目的片段,获得长为396 bp的籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基cDNA片段。将扩增的片段与pMD18-T载体连接,并转化至DH5α感受态细胞中。随机挑选阳性重组子进行鉴定、测序,将测序结果与绵羊、水牛、鸡、鸭等多种哺乳动物和禽类该基因序列及相应氨基酸序列进行同源性分析。结果显示,籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基基因序列和其它动物一样,都有较高的保守性。其中与鸭的同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为97.0%,氨基酸同源性为100%。总体来看,在各种动物中FSHβ亚基基因同源性是很高的。     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

The Response of Cattle and Sheep to Feed Contaminated with Rodent Faeces

On farms where rats and mice are present, unprotected livestock feed may become contaminated with rodent faeces, thereby creating a possible source of infection for cattle and sheep. Livestock unable to avoid contaminated feed may choose to eat it entirely, reject it completely or attempt to reject faeces selectively while consuming some of the feed. Two experiments were conducted to investigate which of these three responses were demonstrated by livestock. Ten cattle and ten sheep were presented individually with three repeats of ten feed treatments. Treatments were based on two feed types (meal and pelleted compound), with three levels of contamination (none, 'low' and 'high'), from one of two rodent species (rat and mouse).Avoidance behaviour was greater for feed contaminated with rat faeces compared to feed contaminated with mouse faeces. At low levels of rat contamination there was evidence that livestock actively rejected faeces whilst consuming feed. At higher levels of contamination animals rejected faeces and feed. Livestock could not actively discriminate against mouse faeces and thus rejection of feed was used to avoid faeces ingestion.Despite rejection of contaminated feed and some discrimination against faeces, significant numbers of rodent faeces were ingested illustrating that livestock feeding behaviour cannot prevent ingestion of rodent faeces. Feed contaminated with rodent faeces therefore poses a significant risk of disease infection to livestock.     

不同蛋白原料对肥育鹅营养物质代谢及盲肠微生物的影响

为了研究不同蛋白来源对肥育鹅营养物质代谢及盲肠内容物主要微生态菌群的影响,试验选择300只56日龄体重为2 412.85(±68.37)g的豁眼鹅,以鱼粉、血粉、膨化血粉作为蛋白来源,按着等氮、等能的原则随机分为3个组,每组设5次重复,每次重复20只鹅,进行为期14 d的试验。结果显示:鱼粉组营养物质的代谢率略高于膨化血粉组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);膨化血粉组和鱼粉组NDF、EE、CP的表观代谢指标显著高于血粉组(P<0.05);鱼粉组CF、ADF、ME的表观代谢率显著高于血粉组。鱼粉组(3.0%)乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量均高于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量却最低;血粉组(3.0%)乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量均低于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量在3种处理中最高;鱼粉组(3.0%)与膨化血粉组(3.0%)相比较在以上3种细菌的数量上最为接近。研究结果表明,在肥育鹅的基础日粮中添加3.0%鱼粉或3.0%膨化血粉具有较好的应用效果,膨化血粉在肥育鹅日粮中可以代替相同水平的鱼粉,且其效果要明显优于普通血粉。     

应用PCR技术检测鹅细小病毒

根据鹅细小病毒GPVH1株结构蛋白VP1与VP3编码基因非重叠核苷酸序列设计了一对引物GPR1 /GPR2 ,用这对引物对感染器官内的GPR和接种鹅胚增殖的GPV进行PCR扩增 ,其结果引物GRP1 /GPR2能特异性地扩增GPVVP1 VP3区段核苷酸序列 ,扩增出与设计核苷酸片段大小相符的 0 6kb的序列 ,而对照的鹅副粘病毒cDNA及鸭瘟病毒 (DPR)DNA对照组均出现阴性结果。