灰雁黏质沙雷菌的鉴定及其耐药性分析

为研究2016年武汉地区灰雁粪便中所产红色色素的未知菌的类别及其耐药性,经细菌分离、生化鉴定、细菌16SrDNA通用引物等鉴定,确定1株病原菌为黏质沙雷菌。经药敏试验发现黏质沙雷菌对萘啶酸、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、复方新诺明、庆大霉素、甲氧嘧啶等敏感,对头孢他啶、氨曲南、氨苄西林等中介,对头孢曲松、四环素、呋喃妥因、链霉素、磺胺异恶唑耐药。了解黏质灰雁沙雷菌的耐药情况,对环境中食源性肠道菌进行监测,为今后禽源沙雷菌抗生素替代药物的开发提供潜在的候选菌株。     

应用核酸斑点杂交法检测鹅细小病毒(GPV)

利用鹅细小病毒 (GPV)核酸探针 ,设计并建立了核酸斑点杂交法 ,用以检测 GPV核酸。该方法特异性与敏感性均较好 ,其敏感度可达 3pg。应用该方法对 4例病变典型的小鹅瘟患鹅组织器官进行检测 ,结果表明 ,患鹅脏器中 ,小肠、心、肝、胰、脾组织含毒量较高 ,其中小肠组织含毒量最高 ,而脑组织中含毒量较低。应用琼脂扩散试验验证了核酸斑点杂交法的检测结果。     

江苏部分地区鹅球虫种类调查

目的了解江苏地区鹅球虫感染情况。方法在扬州、南京、常州、无锡不同地区选择37个鹅群,群体采样法采集粪样,饱和食盐水收集卵囊,显微镜下观察,进行虫种鉴定。结果共查37个鹅群,球虫阳性27个群,占78．38％。共检到1科3属8种球虫,其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）6种：鹅艾美耳球虫（Eanseris）、有毒艾美耳球虫（Etlocens）、金黄艾美耳球虫（E.fulva）、赫尔曼艾美耳球虫（Ehermani）、法立兰艾美耳球虫（E.farri）、多斑艾美耳球虫（E．stigmosa）;泰泽属（Tyzzeria）1种：稍小泰泽球虫（rparvula）;等孢属（Isospora）1种：鹅等孢球虫（L.anseris）。稍小泰泽球虫、赫尔曼艾美耳球虫、多班艾美耳球虫为优势种,其感染率分别为86．21％、75．86％、58．62％;天鹅主要感染稍小泰泽球虫,其感染率为60％。结论江苏地区鹅球虫感染率较高,需要加强综合防治工作。     

Relation between milk urea content and nitrogen excretion from lactating cows

Abstract

Thirty-two Chinese Holstein lactating cows were used to investigate the relationship of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and nitrogen excretion loading to the environment. Cows were fed a similar amount of forage, and concentrates according to milk production. Total collection of urine and faeces were conducted continuously for three days. The milk urea nitrogen was significantly correlated to total nitrogen excretion (R ²=0.70), urinary nitrogen excretion (R ²=0.85), and nitrogen excretion from faeces (R ²=0.22). The following equation was proposed to predict total nitrogen excretion (TNE) (g/d) based on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) (mg/dl): TNE?=?15.46(±1.83)×MUN?+?193.40(±28.79). The results obtained in this study suggested that MUN might be used to predict TNE from lactating cows.     

The Use of Faecal Progestin Measurements to Monitor Reproductive Activity in Mashona Cows in a Smallholder Farming Area of Zimbabwe

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of progesterone (P₄) in the peripheral circulation and progestins in the faeces of cows in a smallholder farming area and to monitor the ovarian activity of such cows. The study was carried out in Sanyati smallholder farming area, located 250 km southwest of Harare. Blood and faecal samples for P₄ and progestin determination, respectively, were obtained once a week from 35 Mashona type cows that belonged to farmers from three different villages. The cows were weighed once every month and all births were recorded. The concentrations of progestins in faeces and P₄ in plasma were positively correlated (r = 0.72, p<0.01). Most of the non-pregnant cows (65%) cycled during the rainy season. Most of those that were acyclic at this time were undergoing post-partum anoestrus. During the dry season, most cows (58%) became acyclic as forage became scarce and of poor quality. Thirty-two calves were born during the study period, mostly during the first or last two months of the year, when there was enough forage. The mean calving to first oestrus in 14 cows that recalved was 71±49 days. Eight of these 14 cows conceived again, the calving to conception interval being 173±94 days. The cows' liveweights were highest in April, at the end of the rainy season. By the end of the dry season, the cows had lost, on average, 15% of their peak weight.     

NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒表面结构蛋白HN的真核表达

应用特异性引物,从鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株中扩增出HN蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体,得到重组质粒pTHN。用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切pTHN,回收目的基因HN片段并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαAHN。用SacⅠ酶切pPICZαAHN使其线性化,并电击转化至感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,用1%甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析。结果在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为63000的重组蛋白,且该重组蛋白可与NA-1株病毒多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应,表明NA-1的HN蛋白片段在Pichiapastoris中获得成功表达。     

一株GPV的分离鉴定及致病性研究

为了确定导致吉林省某地区10日龄雏鹅发病的病原,从病死雏鹅的肝脏中分离到一株病毒,根据病毒的电镜照片,动物回归试验及PCR鉴定,确定为鹅细小病毒。PCR产物测序后经BLAST比对显示,分离毒株与NCBI收录的GPVVP3基因同源性均在92％以上,与GPV／CH／HLJ02／08VP3基因的同源性最高,达99％。致病性研究表明,分离株的ELD50为10^-6.5／0．2mL,毒力较强,且该毒株能被GPV标准血清所中和。     

不同季节对鹅若干生理和免疫指标的影响

为了探讨不同温度对乌鬃鹅若干生理和免疫指标的影响,寻找准确评定乌鬃鹅热耐受性的候选生理和免疫性状指标,以30周龄健康清远乌鬃鹅母鹅200只为研究对象,分别在夏季(35℃)和冬季(20℃),采集鹅只的血液样品,非抗凝血用于测定T3、皮质酮含量;抗凝血用于测定H%、L%和H/L值。结果表明:夏季乌鬃鹅血清中的皮质酮含量显著高于冬季(P0.05),T3含量极显著高于冬季(P0.01);与冬季相比,夏季乌鬃鹅的H%、H/L极显著升高(P0.01),L%极显著降低(P0.01)。皮质酮和H/L值可以作为评价鹅热耐受性的重要性状指标。     

公鹅生殖器官发育形态学的研究

对在发育期间的太湖公鹅生殖器官进行了大体解割、组织学和组织化学观察,结果如下:睾丸及曲细精管的发育具有明显的阶段性;附睾区的管道系统在接近性成熟时开始区分明显;交配器官在性成熟前数周发育迅速。对生殖器官各部分进行了磷酸酶和糖类的测定。对非特异性酯酶的测定表明,在睾丸间质细胞其活性与发育相一致。鹅睾丸的血管构筑较哺乳动物简单。