Novel Spray Dried Glycerol 2-Phosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Microparticulate Vaginal Delivery System—Development,Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies

Chitosan microparticulate delivery systems containing clotrimazole were prepared by a spray drying technique using glycerol 2-phosphate as an ion cross-linker. The impact of a cross-linking ratio on microparticle characteristics was evaluated. Drug-free and drug-loaded unmodified or ion cross-linked chitosan microparticles were examined for the in vitro cytotoxicity in VK2/E6E7 human vaginal epithelial cells. The presence of glycerol 2-phosphate influenced drug loading and encapsulation efficacy in chitosan microparticles. By increasing the cross-linking ratio, the microparticles with lower diameter, moisture content and smoother surface were observed. Mucoadhesive studies displayed that all formulations possessed mucoadhesive properties. The in vitro release profile of clotrimazole was found to alter considerably by changing the glycerol 2-phosphate/chitosan ratio. Results from cytotoxicity studies showed occurrence of apoptotic cells in the presence of chitosan and ion cross-linked chitosan microparticles, followed by a loss of membrane potential suggesting that cell death might go through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

不同条件下酶法测定蜂蜜中甘油含量的研究

为了探究在不同条件下蜂蜜中的甘油含量,通过甘油酶制剂法测定其含量,实验结果表明,利用甘油酶制剂法能较稳定的测定蜂蜜中的甘油含量,其加标回收率实验的回收率在95.7%~115.0%之间,精密度实验甘油含量的RSD在2%~7%,重复性实验甘油含量的RSD在1%~5%;同时pH为3.00~7.00时,蜂蜜中的甘油含量变化较稳定,在7 d内,通过此法测定蜂蜜中甘油的含量无明显变化,在4~25℃条件下,蜂蜜中甘油含量变化较稳定。同时采用此法对不同蜂蜜中的甘油含量进行测定,能够达到生产上基本测定的要求。     

Influence of Water and Glycerol Contents on the aw of Fish Pastes

Abstract

The influence of fish water content on the characteristics of water activity (a_w) of reduced paste was studied. Two fish species were used: a fat species, mackerel (Scomber japonicus marplatensis), and a lean species, Brazilian sandperch (Pseudopercis semifasciata). Glycerol (from 15 to 50%) was used to decrease a_w of the cooked fish paste.(54.12% and 77.89%) in mackerel, two relationships of a_w versus percent added glycerol were obtained, and for Brazilian sandperch one relationship was obtained.     

Antioxidant properties of feruloyl glycerol derivatives

The natural plant components, 1-feruloyl-sn-glycerol (FG) and 1,3-diferuloyl-sn-glycerol (F₂G), were synthesized by the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and soybean oil mono- and diacylglycerols, respectively, with ethyl ferulate. The isolated FG and F₂G were examined for their antioxidant activities as free radical scavengers (DPPH assay) and peroxyl lipid oxidation inhibitors (TBARS assay). The H atom transfer kinetics, as monitored by DPPH free radical bleaching, of FG showed that the mono-feruloyl glycerol acted as a rapid antioxidant (50% reduction of DPPH radical < 5 min) in ethanol solutions while F₂G and ferulic acid activity rates were in the range of intermediate antioxidants (50% reduction of DPPH radical in 5-30 min). FG and F₂G showed similar activity as the control agent, ethyl ferulate, towards the inhibition of the AAPH-induced peroxyl radical oxidation of surfactant emulsified γ-linolenic acid. A slight excess of feruloyl groups was sufficient to completely suppress the formation of secondary lipid oxidation products.     

厕所粪便与粗甘油共液化制备生物原油研究

水热液化是处理湿有机废弃物并实现能源化的技术之一。以厕所粪便和粗甘油为原料进行水热液化,探究了不同质量比例的厕所粪便和粗甘油(1∶0、3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、0∶1)对产物分布和油品特性的影响。粪便与粗甘油的比例混合为1∶3时,生物原油的产油率最高为40.6%,液化率最高为94.8%,相比单组分厕所粪便分别提高了18%和15%,表明粗甘油对粪便水热液化的产物转化具有促进作用。当在粪便中添加粗甘油时,水热液化生物原油的热值变化了0.27%～8.88%,含水率降低了11.5%～85.2%;所含烃类物质高达21.1%,酸类物质降低到14.4%,表明生物原油更稳定;增加了生物原油中的轻组分成分,残渣含量降低了25.2%～53.2%,进一步表明粗甘油可以改善粪便水热液化生物原油的油品质量。     

杨木木粉在酸性氯化胆碱/丙三醇中的快速液化研究

将可再生的木质纤维生物质进行液化转化制备高分子化合物可减少化石资源的消耗。以氯化胆碱/丙三醇低共熔溶剂为液化试剂,硫酸为催化剂,研究不同的反应条件包括液化温度、液化时间、催化剂浓度、液固比等对杨木木粉液化率的影响,并借助傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对水溶性、丙酮溶和丙酮不溶（液化残渣）3个组分液化产物进行分析。结果表明,反应条件为240℃、15 min、硫酸质量浓度8%、液固比10∶1时,木材液化率达到最大值78.13%。在液化剂氯化胆碱/丙三醇作用下,木质素和半纤维素可以快速发生液化,水溶性液化产物组分主要包括醛、酮、酸、酯以及芳香衍生物等,丙酮溶组分液化产物主要为木质素降解产物,液化残渣主要为不溶的纤维素。研究表明氯化胆碱/丙三醇是一种高效的木材液化试剂,且液化组分主要为木质素和半纤维素。     

可食性大豆蛋白膜的研制及在切分西瓜保鲜上的应用

以大豆分离蛋白（SPI）膜为基材,蜂蜡、甘油为改性剂,研究新型生物保鲜膜的制备及其对切分西瓜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,蜂蜡和甘油的改性作用可提高SPI膜的抗张强度（TS）和表面接触角,降低水蒸气透过率（WVP）和断裂延伸率。其中,蜂蜡和甘油最佳添加量分别为6%和40%,WVP值（200.9±13.18）g.m-2·d-1,比未添加蜂蜡的对照膜降低28.9%,TS值（4.27±0.48）MPa,比对照提高54.7%。应用改性的大豆蛋白膜包装的切分西瓜在4℃保鲜3 d时,失重率仅1%,并可有效保持番茄红素含量。     

Preliminary study of the gene expression of sulfation and degradation enzymes for chondroitin sulfate in glycerol-treated C2C12 myoblast cells

In this study, we induced chemical damage of C2C12 myoblasts that had differentiated into myotubes with glycerol, and four sulfation enzymes for chondroitin sulfate (CS) [carbohydrate sulfotransferase (Chst) 12, Chst15 and Chst3 and uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST)] and two CS degradation enzymes [hyaluronidase (Hyal) 1 and Hyal2] were examined for changes in gene expression. Treatment of myoblasts with 5% glycerol significantly increased the expression levels of the sulfation enzymes Chst12 and Chst15 and the degradation enzymes Hyal1 and Hyal2. However, the expression levels of the other two genes (Chst3 and Ust) showed no change. Differences in the expression levels of these enzymes may help to understand the difference in responsiveness of myoblasts to glycerol after muscle injury in vivo or in vitro.     

奶牛伪牛痘病的研究：2.奶牛伪牛痘病的防治

在北京市某奶牛场，选择１２０头乳头外观健康的泌乳牛随机分为四组，分别应用０．０２５％清洗消毒剂、０．０５％洗必太液、０．１％新洁而灭液和煮沸灭菌自来水（对照）进行了４０ｄ乳头浸浴预防试验。各组泌乳牛乳头发病情况经Ｘ＾２检验后表明，清洗消毒剂组与对照组相比，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；洗必太组和新洁而灭组与对照组相比，差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。单独应用０．０２５％清洗消毒剂常规浸浴乳头，乳头皮肤表现     

AQP9在脑疾病中的研究进展

水甘油通道蛋白-9 (AQP9)属于水通道蛋白家族,对水及一些小分子如甘油和尿素具有通透性.论文将集中论述与脑疾病相关的AQP9的最新发现.AQP9表达于星型胶质细胞和儿茶酚胺神经元,脑中AQP9的表达水平受血液中胰岛素浓度的调节,且其在糖尿病病人脑组织中高表达,该研究结果提示AQP9很可能参与脑部能量代谢;中风后AQ...