Joint action of amino acid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides

The joint action of binary mixtures of the amino acid biosynthesis‐inhibiting herbicides glyphosate, glufosinate‐ammonium, metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapyr was assessed in pot experiments applying the Additive Dose Model (ADM). Plants of Sinapis arvensis or S. alba were sprayed with seven doses of the herbicides alone and binary fixed‐ratio mixtures of the four herbicides. In total, 73 binary mixtures were studied in six separate experiments. Mixtures of glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium were less phytotoxic than predicted by ADM whether commercial formulations or technical grade products were applied. In contrast, mixtures of glyphosate and metsulfuron‐methyl, glyphosate and imazapyr, glufosinate‐ammonium and metsulfuron‐methyl, glufosinate‐ammonium and imazapyr, and metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapyr either followed ADM or were synergistic. Synergism was observed most frequently for mixtures of glyphosate or glufosinate‐ammonium with metsulfuron‐methyl. Synergism was also more pronounced for commercial formulations of glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium than for the corresponding technical grade formulations, implying that synergism was caused by the presence of the formulation constituents of the commercial glyphosate and glufosinate‐ammonium formulations in the spray solution.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定咖啡鲜果中草铵膦及其代谢产物残留

建立了咖啡鲜果中草铵膦(glufosinate-ammonium)及其代谢产物N-乙酰草铵磷(N-acetylglufosinate)和3-(甲基膦基)丙酸(3-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl])的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经0.1 mol/L的氨水匀浆、超声提取、离心后,取上清液于40℃下减压浓缩,以V(甲醇)∶V(水)=1∶1的混合溶剂定容,经ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液混合溶剂为流动相梯度洗脱,采用多离子反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.1~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内,3种化合物的进样浓度与其峰面积之间呈良好线性相关,相关系数(r)分别为0.997、0.998和0.991;在0.05~0.5 mg/kg水平下进行添加回收试验,3种化合物的回收率在92%~107%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.0%~4.9%之间,定量限(LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg。该方法简化了样品前处理,提高了回收率,适用于草铵膦的残留检测。