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51.
Mehdi Khayyat Ali Tehranifar Gholam Hossien Davarynejad Mohammad Hassan Sayyari-Zahan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(12):1752-1765
The present research was conducted to study the responses of ‘Malas–e–Saveh’ (M) and ‘Shishe–Kab’ (Sh) Iranian pomegranates to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress under greenhouse and field conditions. Treatments included waters electrical conductivity (EC = 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m?1 for greenhouse) and (EC = 1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m?1 for field studies). Interactive effects of salinity × variety indicated the highest chlorophyll and leaf potassium concentration, and the lowest leaf chloride and sodium in control under greenhouse study. Non-photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII reduced under the highest salinity level in field, however, basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII increased in the highest salinity. Sodium and chloride increased with increased in salinity. Calcium, magnesium and iron significantly decreased with increased in salinity. It seems that there are differences between pomegranate cultivars and Malas-e-Saveh is more tolerant compared with Shishe Kab. 相似文献
52.
【目的】制备植物叶片葡萄糖活体检测传感器,以实时检测植物体叶片的葡萄糖浓度,为了解霜霉病侵染黄瓜的抗病状态提供支持。【方法】采用双通道丝网印刷电极为基底电极,使用1 mg/mL氯金酸溶液在传感器表面生成金纳米颗粒用于提高其导电性及活性面积,将5 mg/mL壳聚糖和180 mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶混合以提高酶的固载量和活性,滴加10%的Nafion水溶液以增加对阳离子的选择性并提高电极稳定性。在此基础上研制出一种适用于活体检测植物扁平叶片中葡萄糖浓度的双通道电化学传感器。采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱、红外光谱、循环伏安法及电化学阻抗谱,对所制备传感器进行形貌、结构及电化学的表征;基于优化条件,对所制备的葡萄糖传感器进行性能测试;进一步使用黄瓜果汁进行传感器的加标试验,并应用该传感器对正常与带菌斑黄瓜叶片的葡萄糖浓度进行测定和比较。【结果】所制备植物叶片葡萄糖活体检测传感器的形貌、结构及电化学表征结果显示电极制备成功,其对葡萄糖具有良好的催化效果,反应为扩散控制过程;所设计的植物活体叶片葡萄糖检测双通道传感器的线性检测范围为1~150 mmol/L,检出限为0.784 mmol/L。采用3种不同浓度黄瓜果汁进行加标回收试验,回收率为97.17%~103.05%,相对标准误差≤ 4.52%,表明该传感器准确可靠。应用所制备的传感器检测结果表明,在双通道检测条件下,正常黄瓜叶片和霜霉菌侵染黄瓜叶片在通道1的葡萄糖浓度分别为(8.03±0.96)和(28.71±2.03) mmol/L,在通道2的葡萄糖浓度分别为(12.15±1.46)和(25.57±1.81) mmol/L,霜霉菌侵染黄瓜叶片的葡萄糖浓度较相应正常叶片增长了257.53%(通道1之间)和110.45%(通道2之间),表明不同生理条件下同种植物叶片的葡萄糖浓度因为霜霉菌侵染而存在显著差异(P<0.05);病斑区域葡萄糖浓度的检测结果还显示,通道1的葡萄糖浓度高于通道2,表明通道1检测的侵染区域抗病响应迅速,侵染区相应代谢物质会发生明显变化导致邻近区域的葡萄糖逐步出现积累。【结论】所制备的传感器能够检测植物在不同生理环境下的葡萄糖浓度,可为活体植物叶片葡萄糖的实时检测提供技术支持。 相似文献
53.
Dong Wang Zhenzhu Xu Junye Zhao Yuefu Wang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):681-692
Abstract Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO3-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and 15N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing 15N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing 15N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% derived from basal 15N and top 15N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0–200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0–200 cm soil. More top 15N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0–100 cm soil rather than in 100–200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal 15N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top 15N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96–168 kg N ha?1 led to increases in nitrate content in 0–60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha?1 promoted the downward movement of basal and top 15N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96–168 kg N ha?1. 相似文献
54.
Blessing Mabate Chantal Dsire Daub Samkelo Malgas Adrienne Lesley Edkins Brett Ivan Pletschke 《Marine drugs》2021,19(1)
Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds which consist of considerable proportions of L-fucose and other monosaccharides, and sulphated ester residues. The search for novel and natural bioproduct drugs (due to toxicity issues associated with chemotherapeutics) has led to the extensive study of fucoidan due to reports of it having several bioactive characteristics. Among other fucoidan bioactivities, antidiabetic and anticancer properties have received the most research attention in the past decade. However, the elucidation of the fucoidan structure and its biological activity is still vague. In addition, research has suggested that there is a link between diabetes and cancer; however, limited data exist where dual chemotherapeutic efforts are elucidated. This review provides an overview of glucose metabolism, which is the central process involved in the progression of both diseases. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and show the relevance of fucoidan and its derivatives as a candidate for both cancer and diabetes therapy. 相似文献
55.
Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined. 相似文献
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined. 相似文献
56.
为测定鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹌鹑蛋3种蛋中的葡萄糖含量,将试验分为鸡蛋组、鸭蛋组和鹌鹑蛋组,分别分离蛋清和蛋黄,用葡萄糖氧化酶法对3种蛋中葡萄糖进行定量测定,结果表明,鸡蛋组蛋清葡萄糖含量为(3.77±0.14)mg/g、蛋黄葡萄糖含量为(1.95±0.09)mg/g、总蛋葡萄糖含量为(3.11±0.12)mg/g;鸭蛋组蛋清葡萄糖含量为(3.59±0.32)mg/g、蛋黄葡萄糖含量为(2.14±0.25)mg/g、总蛋葡萄糖含量为(2.88±0.27)mg/g;鹌鹑蛋组蛋清葡萄糖含量为(3.65±0.37)mg/g、蛋黄葡萄糖含量为(2.77±0.20)mg/g、总蛋葡萄糖含量为(3.19±0.16)mg/g;3种禽蛋的蛋清葡萄糖含量均高于蛋黄(P<0.05)。3种禽蛋的蛋清葡萄糖含量均要高于蛋黄。因此,在人们日常膳食中,多摄入蛋清不仅能给机体提供优质蛋白,还能提供优质糖源,这在人们日常营养膳食方面具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
57.
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is currently the most important non-selective, wide-spectrum herbicide used worldwide. Introduced in 1974, glyphosate was initially a non-crop herbicide and plantation crop herbicide, although it is now widely used in no-till crop production and, more recently, for weed control in herbicide-resistant transgenic crops, such as maize, soybean and cotton ( Baylis 2000 ; Caseley & Copping 2000 ). Despite its widespread and long-term use, no case of evolved resistance to glyphosate was documented until 1996 ( Pratley et al . 1996 ). Since then, a few other cases have been reported. To date, evolved resistance to glyphosate has been identified and documented in Lollium rigidum in Australia ( Powles et al . 1998 ; Pratley et al . 1999 ), Eleusine indica in Malaysia ( Lee & Ngim 2000 ), and L. rigidum in South Africa and California (USA), and Conyzia canadensis in Delawere (USA) ( Van Gessel 2001 ). Also, accessions of L. rigidum from South Africa and California have been reported to resist glyphosate ( Heap 2001 ). In Chile, the first case of glyphosate-resistance in Lolium multiflorum was reported in 1999 and documented in 2003 ( Pérez & Kogan 2003 ). This case was the result of an intensive selection pressure caused by the continuous applications of glyphosate in fruit orchards over 8–10 years. The present study is a first approach to elucidating the mechanism involved in the resistance of one biotype of L. multiflorum selected in Chilean orchards. 相似文献
58.
Á. Jerzsele Z. Karancsi E. Pászti‐Gere Á. Sterczer A. Bersényi K. Fodor D. Szabó P. Vajdovich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(3):409-414
Xylitol is commonly used as sugar substitute in households. While it has numerous beneficial effects on human health, it is highly toxic to dogs. The goal of this study was to examine whether xylitol has similar deleterious effects, such as hypoglycaemia and acute hepatic failure, on cats. Our research included six healthy middle‐aged cats. Xylitol was dissolved in deionized water and administered p.o. at three doses (100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight). These dosages have been considered toxic and can cause liver failure or even death in dogs. After every xylitol administration, the basic health status and the blood glucose of cats were observed regularly. Additionally, prior to and 6, 24 and 72 hr after xylitol administration, blood samples were taken to check complete blood count, clinical biochemical parameters and enzymes such as ALT, ALKP, GGT, GLDH, bile acids, BUN, creatinine, phosphate, total protein, albumin, sodium and potassium. There were no significant changes (p > .05) in any of the haematological or biochemical parameters. Blood glucose concentrations did not show any significant alterations, except at 1,000 mg/kg dose, where a mild but significant increase was observed, but it was in physiological range. Based on our results, xylitol did not induce toxic effects on cats. 相似文献
59.
【目的】丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)侵染作物根系形成菌根共生体系对于作物吸收磷具有重要作用,但该结果大多来源于室内受控试验,有限的田间试验因环境条件、试验材料与接种技术等差异致使AMF菌剂应用效果不一。本研究通过玉米菌根化育苗和田间移栽,分析了接种AMF对玉米生长、养分吸收、籽粒产量及养分含量的影响,以期推进菌根技术的实际生产应用。【方法】以自交品系玉米B73为供试作物,于2018年5月至10月在北京市延庆区进行了田间试验。田间小区设置基施磷(+P)和不施磷(–P)处理。供试AMF为Rhizophagus irregularis Schenck&Smith BGC AH01。玉米种子催芽后,分别播入加入AMF菌剂(+M)和菌剂过滤液(–M)的育苗钵内,培养两周后移栽至田间。玉米在田间条件下生长至拔节期时,使用便携式光合仪测定叶片光合速率与气孔导度,取样测定地上部与根部干重和养分元素含量,同时测定菌根侵染率;在玉米完熟期取样,测定籽粒百粒重、籽粒产量及养分含量。【结果】无论田间施磷与否,接菌植株根系的菌根侵染强度和丛枝丰度均显著高于不接菌植株。不施磷情况下,+M处理显著提高了玉米根系干重,玉米生长的菌根依赖性(163.7%)显著高于施磷情形(124.1%)。–P–M处理玉米叶片的光合速率和气孔导度显著低于其他3个处理。–P+M处理玉米叶片的光合参数、玉米地上部和根部磷含量与+P+M均无显著差异。与–P–M处理相比,–P+M显著提高了玉米籽粒产量和百粒重,同时也提高了籽粒中锌、锰、镁等矿质养分的含量,且与+P+M处理相比均无显著差异。【结论】玉米幼苗接种AMF后再移栽到田间,可以显著提高拔节期玉米根系的菌根侵染率,促进玉米地上部和根部对磷及锌、锰和镁的吸收,进而促进玉米的生长,提高籽粒产量和养分含量。本试验条件下,菌根化育苗可以达到与施磷同样的效果,在保障作物不减产的前提下减少磷肥施用量。 相似文献
60.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响。试验选取28日龄断奶仔猪150头[平均体重(8.41±0.06)kg],随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120、180、240和300 U/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪末重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅳ组仔猪血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著性低于对照组和试验Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)试验Ⅱ组仔猪干物质消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪粗蛋白质消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪总能消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶可改善仔猪血清抗氧化功能,降低腹泻率,促进机体对蛋白质、糖和脂质代谢与消化吸收,从而提高生长性能,建议添加量为180 U/kg。 相似文献