小麦品种辽春10抗叶锈病基因LrLC10的比较基因组学定位

为明确小麦品种辽春10对叶锈菌小种PHT抗病的遗传基础,利用感病小麦材料87-1与抗病小麦材料辽春10构建的F_(2:3)群体,对其进行成株期抗病性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,辽春10中含有1个显性抗叶锈病基因,暂命名为LrLC10。利用BSA法和比较基因组学策略对该抗病基因进行分子标记分析,将LrLC10定位于小麦2BS染色体上。共构建了含有8个分子标记的LrLC10基因的连锁图,其中:CAUT253位于LrLC10的远着丝粒侧,距离为0.1cM;CAUT163和CAUT131与LrLC10共分离;CAUT239位于LrLC10的近着丝粒侧,遗传距离为0.5cM。     

RNAi在植物寄生线虫功能基因组研究中的应用

最近,南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）和北方根结线虫（M. hapla）的基因组测序工作已经完成,而大豆孢囊线虫（Heterodera glycines）和马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)的基因组测序工作也在进行之中。截至2008年,Nematode.net数据库中已经有近500 000个表达序列标签ESTs序列和1 200 000个来自30种线虫的基因组序列。如何从众多的序列中筛选出有实际应用价值的信息是线虫学研究面临的一大挑战。对于缺乏有效转化系统的植物寄生线虫来说,RNAi无疑是研究植物寄生线虫基因功能的有力工具。本文介绍了RNAi及其在植物寄生线虫基因功能研究中的应用。     

SSR分子标记及在林木基因组中的应用

主要介绍了SSR分子标记的原理、技术优点、实验技术的流程及在林木基因组中的应用,并展望SSR分子标记将会应用到衰退树种优良基因型的鉴定,从而应用于育种的研究和优良基因型的鉴定与保存等。     

功能基因组学及其研究方法

功能基因组学是在结构基因组学丰富信息资源的基础上, 应用大通量的实验分析方法并结合统计和计算机分析研究基因的表达、调控与功能以及生物的生长、发育规律的新型交叉学科. 基因功能研究采用从基因到表型和从表型到基因两种策略, 使用多种方法创造大量变异及大通量识别并克隆基因和研究基因表达模式的技术. 如基因陷阱、基     

A Multi-Omics Characterization of the Natural Product Potential of Tropical Filamentous Marine Cyanobacteria

Microbial natural products are important for the understanding of microbial interactions, chemical defense and communication, and have also served as an inspirational source for numerous pharmaceutical drugs. Tropical marine cyanobacteria have been highlighted as a great source of new natural products, however, few reports have appeared wherein a multi-omics approach has been used to study their natural products potential (i.e., reports are often focused on an individual natural product and its biosynthesis). This study focuses on describing the natural product genetic potential as well as the expressed natural product molecules in benthic tropical cyanobacteria. We collected from several sites around the world and sequenced the genomes of 24 tropical filamentous marine cyanobacteria. The informatics program antiSMASH was used to annotate the major classes of gene clusters. BiG-SCAPE phylum-wide analysis revealed the most promising strains for natural product discovery among these cyanobacteria. LCMS/MS-based metabolomics highlighted the most abundant molecules and molecular classes among 10 of these marine cyanobacterial samples. We observed that despite many genes encoding for peptidic natural products, peptides were not as abundant as lipids and lipopeptides in the chemical extracts. Our results highlight a number of highly interesting biosynthetic gene clusters for genome mining among these cyanobacterial samples.     

Comparison of techniques for correlating survival and gene expression data from wild salmon

Abstract – In laboratory and field studies of survival, one of two alternative analytical techniques is often used to estimate survival rates and identify covariates, namely parametric survival analysis or Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. These techniques differ in algorithms and assumptions of the data. They also tend to be used under different circumstances depending on whether the intention is to demonstrate group‐specific differences or to predict survival variables. Here, we apply and compare both analytical techniques in a study that couples functional genomics with biotelemetry to ascertain the role of physiological condition on survival of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) migrating in the Fraser River, British Columbia, which builds on the growing concern over the decline in numbers of spawning fish. Herein, we show a high level of quantitative and qualitative agreement between the two analytical methods, with both showing a strong relationship exists between the genomic signature that accounts for the largest source of variance in gene expression among individuals and survival in one of the three populations assessed. This high level of agreement suggests the data and the approaches are generating reliable results. The novel approach used in our study to identify physiological processes associated with reduced fitness in wild populations should be of broad interest to conservation biologists and resource managers as it may help reduce the uncertainty associated with predicting population sizes.     

梅花鹿与欧洲马鹿染色体水平基因组的比较研究

旨在从基因组层面揭示梅花鹿与欧洲马鹿的起源进化,找到与进化过程相关的信号通路并与表型进行关联.本试验以成年雌性梅花鹿与成年雄性欧洲马鹿染色体水平基因组作为研究对象,利用比较基因组学的方法对梅花鹿和欧洲马鹿基因组进行染色体共线性分析,获得两个物种间基因组序列的同源关系和基因组发生的染色体倒位现象,并对被倒位截断和在倒位内...     

A review of sex determination and searches for sex‐specific markers in sturgeon

The availability of monosex populations of caviar‐producing female sturgeon would considerably enhance the economic viability of domestic caviar production systems. However, it is not possible to distinguish males from females by morphological characters at larval, juvenile and even adult stages. The mechanism of sex determination in sturgeons is poorly understood, and to date no sex‐specific markers in sturgeon have been reported. This review concentrates on the methodologies used to elucidate the mode of sex determination in sturgeon species and provides information on the molecular tools used to determine genetic sex markers.     

生物信息学及其在农业科学中的应用

综述了生物信息学的形成与发展及其数据库和功能基因组学研究;同时也概括了生物信息学在模式植物研究、种质资源保存、病虫害防治、作物遗传育种等方面的应用。     

组学技术应用于茶树物质代谢研究中的进展

茶树是多年生常绿木本植物,对种质资源进行有效地评价与分析是茶学研究的重要领域,茶树代谢产物如多酚类、咖啡碱、茶氨酸和多糖类等物质不仅是重要的植物天然产物,也是构成茶叶滋味、香气的特征品质成分,被广泛应用于食品、医药等行业。组学技术具有高通量、高灵敏度和系统性的特点,已成为生命科学研究中的强有力工具,也为茶树研究提供了新的方法。茶树系统生物学的研究离不开组学技术的发展,功能基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等技术已应用于儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱、多糖等重要功能成分的代谢研究。本研究综述了组学技术在茶树物质代谢中的研究进展,对研究中的不足之处进行了阐述,并讨论了组学技术在茶树物质代谢研究中的应用前景。