生防菌株Bacillus velezensis Z全基因组测序分析

生防菌株Bacillus velezensis Z对胡椒瘟病等多种植物病害具有良好的生防效果;全基因组测序能够为其分子机理研究和开发应用提供信息基础。本研究开展该菌株全基因组测序,并进行比较基因组学和抑菌次生代谢产物合成基因簇预测研究。结果表明：B. velezensis Z菌株的基因组中含有1条4 054 780 bp大小的环形染色体DNA和1个17 122 bp大小的环形质粒,总基因组的GC含量为46.24%,共编码基因4173个;包含27个rRNA,86个tRNA基因,34个sRNA;含有串联重复序列179个,其中13个微卫星DNA,138个小卫星DNA;通过比较基因组学分析,结果发现该菌株与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌模式菌株FZB42同源性极高,与枯草芽孢杆菌模式菌株168之间具有一定的遗传距离;同时发现B. velezensis Z基因组中共编码次生代谢产物合成基因簇13个,其中8个与表面活性素（surfactin）、泛革素（fengycin）、溶杆菌素（bacilysin）、macrolactin H、bacillaene、difficidin、plantazolicin、amylocyclicin等已知基因簇完全相似或高度相似,其他5个基因簇皆功能未知。总之,本研究揭示了B. velezensis Z的全基因组遗传信息,明确其与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的比较基因组学关系,预测了抑菌产物合成编码基因簇,为该生防菌株及其抑菌产物的机理研究和开发应用奠定基础。     

鸡的功能基因组学研究进展

随着鸡基因组草图的完成,以及各种高通量研究技术在鸡基因组研究领域的应用,鸡已经成为标准的模式动物。鸡功能基因组学研究将主要在基因组范围内,研究基因的调控作用,以及基因产物间的相互作用关系,为进一步对鸡的基因型改造创造条件,并以此进一步满足鸡的生产需要。作者将着重介绍鸡功能基因组学的研究进展,以及目前主要的研究技术。     

RNAi及其在功能基因组研究中的应用

RNAi是双链RNA介导的、序列特异性的转录后基因沉默,自1998年发现至今已有很大进展。随着后基因组时代的到来,将是今后功能基因组研究中的有力工具,并可能用于基因特异治疗     

转座子标签法克隆水稻基因前景

转座子标签法克隆基因是近年来发展起来的一种非常有效的分子生物技术。介绍了转座子标签技术克隆基因的基本原理及研究进展,并对转座子标签技术在水稻基因克隆上的应用进行了讨论分析。     

谷子分子标记与功能基因组研究进展

近年来,谷子生物技术发展迅速,特别是谷子SSR标记的开发、遗传图谱的构建、EST数据库建立、QTL定位等基础工作取得了较大的发展。即将完成的谷子基因组测序,也加速了谷子分子标记和功能基因组研究的进程,提升了研究水平。主要对谷子分子标记和功能基因组方面的研究进展进行了总结,提出谷子功能基因的标记定位与发掘,建立分子标记数据基础和高效外源基因转化平台的建立是未来谷子基因组研究的关键工作,并对谷子基因组的研究发展进行了展望。     

Application of resequencing to rice genomics,functional genomics and evolutionary analysis

Rice is a model system used for crop genomics studies. The completion of the rice genome draft sequences in 2002 not only accelerated functional genome studies, but also initiated a new era of resequencing rice genomes. Based on the reference genome in rice, next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the high-throughput sequencing system can efficiently accomplish whole genome resequencing of various genetic populations and diverse germplasm resources. Resequencing technology has been effectively utilized in evolutionary analysis, rice genomics and functional genomics studies. This technique is beneficial for both bridging the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype and facilitating molecular breeding via gene design in rice. Here, we also discuss the limitation, application and future prospects of rice resequencing.     

利用集群分离分析结合高密度芯片快速定位小麦成株期抗条锈病基因YrC271

由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的春小麦高代选系C271对小麦条锈病保持抗性近40年。为明确C271的抗条锈病遗传组分,利用感病品种晋麦79与C271杂交构建含有229个F2:3家系的遗传群体,并于2019年在陕西杨凌和四川江油进行成株期病害调查。运用集群分离分析(BSA)结合高密度660K芯片策略在3B染色体短臂上快速挖掘出大量的与抗病关联的SNP,利用等位基因特异的定量PCR标记(AQP)进行验证并作图,成功检测到一个效应值较大的QTL,可解释表型变异为22.7%～30.8%,暂命名为YrC271,位于标记AX-109001377和AX-111087256之间,约1.9cM,对应的物理距离1.9Mb。利用已公布的小麦基因组信息对该区间进行比较基因组分析,结果表明,与中国春基因组相比,不同材料间存在小片段的插入以及倒位现象,但总体共线性良好。同时利用1484份小麦660K分型数据对该区间进行单倍型分析,总体可分为5种区间单倍型,其中C271所在的单倍型组的抗性优于其他组。虽然C271不含有Yr30和Yr58连锁标记的阳性片段,但从相对遗传位置、条锈病抗性表现以及育种系谱看,...     

Colonization and survival capacities underlying the multifaceted life of Rhodococcus sp. PBTS1 and PBTS2

Little is known about the epidemiology of the newly emerged disease on pistachio rootstock designated pistachio bushy top syndrome (PBTS). Here, we analysed the survival and colonization capacities of the two causative agents, Rhodococcus corynebacterioides-like PBTS1 and R. fascians PBTS2, in the different habitats they occupy. Additionally, we examined their chromosomal sequences for genes that would support their ecology and provide experimental evidence for some of their predicted functions. We demonstrate that the soil competence of PBTS2 is better than that of PBTS1 and that both bacteria behave chemotactically, allowing them to translocate from soil to the rhizoplane. Once on the rhizoplane and the phylloplane, the PBTS bacteria form extensive epiphytic biofilms, probably aided by exopolysaccharide production. From these biofilms, the bacteria colonize the plant's interior tissues through the formation of ingression sites, likely created by the localized activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes. The observed systemic spreading of the PBTS strains throughout the plant tissues is probably mediated by surface motility and agrees with the occurrence of symptoms in both the aerial and root parts of the plant host. Based on all available information, we provide a working model on this pathosystem to be used as a conceptual framework for future research.