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121.
本文运用电子计算机模拟的方法,分析了影响畜禽保种的主要因素,并通过不同参数组合(包括起始基因频率、群体有效含量和世代数等)的模拟试验得出三个主要结论: 1 在有性繁殖的有限群体中,原封不动地保存群体基因库中的每个基因(包括频率很低的基因)是根本不可能的。 2 在完全实行随机交配的情况下,长期保存频率较高的基因也需要相当大的群体才有可能。 3 频率较高基因的保存也不能单纯依靠群体大小,还需借助于选择。只有这样才能在小群体内长期保存频率较高的基因。  相似文献   
122.
用五个甘蓝型油菜亲本材料的双列杂交设计,对含油量、硫甙总量按Hayman分析公式进行了全双列杂交分析,对蛋白质含量按Singh(1981)公式进行了半双列杂交分析。结果表明,三个品质性状都符合加性-显性模型。含油量和硫甙总量均呈部分显性,狭义遗传力分别为59.6%和87.4%,蛋白质含量呈超显性遗传((H./D)~(1/2)=1.58),狭义遗传力为42.4%。  相似文献   
123.
应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。  相似文献   
124.
甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育与隐性细胞核雄性不育受2套完全不同的基因系统控制。所被研究的波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系和恢复系均带有隐性细胞核雄性不育的2对主效恢复基因Ms1和Ms2。2个隐性细胞核雄性不育系均是波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系,不带有主效恢复基因Rfc,但带有一定数目的温度敏感基因Ts。Ms1或Ms2与Rfc是独立遗传的  相似文献   
125.
影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综述了影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素和猪遗传评估的发展趋势。影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素有猪遗传评估方法、计算技术以及环境效应(包括方差异质性)、选择、非加性效应、非正态分布、性状间相关、有重复的记录等模型制约因子等方法。此外,阐述了贝叶斯分析理论在传参数估计中的应用。  相似文献   
126.
N-Arylcarbamoylpyrazolines with various substituents at the para position of the carbamoyl benzene ring inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake in synaptosomes prepared from the rat brain. The activity of these compounds was evaluated as log(1/I50), the reciprocal logarithm of half inhibitory concentration, I50 (m ), from the concentration–response curve for the inhibition of Ca2+-uptake. Among the compounds tested, methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-[N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)carbamoyl]-2-pyrazoline-4-carboxylate was the most potent, the I50 value of which as 9·12×10−7 m . Variations in the activity in terms of log(1/I50) were quantitatively analysed using a substituent parameter, showing that the higher the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituent, the higher was the activity. The substituent effects were similar to those on insecticidal activity against the Americal cockroach. The higher the inhibitory activity against Ca2+ uptake, the higher seemed to be the insecticidal activity. Methyl(4S) - 3 - (4 - chlorophenyl) - 4 - methyl - 1 - [N - (4 - chlorophenyl)carbamoyl] - 2 - pyrazoline -4-carboxylate had higher inhibitory activity against Ca2+-uptake and higher in-secticidal activity than the R-isomer, but the difference was greater in theCa2+-uptake system.  相似文献   
127.
A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thiones (DHPs) was synthesised by treating the corresponding dihydropyrazolones with ‘Lawesson’s reagent and evaluated for miticidal activity against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Of these, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione-4-spirocyclopentane and 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione were highly active (pEC50>4·0) and were more effective than the miticide dicofol (pEC50=3·879), which has traditionally been used for the control of phytophagous mites. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on each position of the pyrazole ring of DHPs. The results indicated that the unsubstituted phenyl, 4-substituted phenyl and thioxo groups on the 1-, 3- and 5-positions of DHPs respectively were required for activity. Quantitative SAR studies using physicochemical parameters of substituents and the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that: (a) the activities of all types of DHPs examined were mainly dominated by hydrophobicity, (b) the bulkiness of 4-substituents of the 3-phenyl ring favoured the activity and (c) the log k′ optimum for all DHPs was 1·675, equivalent to a log Pow value of c. 5·0.  相似文献   
128.
文章综述了花粉管通道法进行遗传转化的发展历程及其在单子叶作物上的应用,对其在遗传转化中所涉及的机理进行了探讨,同时简要介绍了转化的操作步骤及存在的技术问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
129.
Improving wheat productivity in drylands largely depends on how plants manage limited water resources. Using fraction of transpirable soil water threshold (FTSWTh) and drought stress response function, we characterized the water conservation traits of two wheat multiple synthetic derivative lines (MSD53 and MSD345) which both contain introgressed segments from Aegilops tauschii but differ in drought resilience. The lines and their backcross parent, ‘Norin 61’, were subjected to dry-down conditions. MSD53 had a higher FTSWTh for transpiration decrease than ‘Norin 61’ and MSD345. In terms of drought stress response function, MSD53 had the lowest threshold suction, suggesting a lower drought resilience capacity compared with MSD345. However, MSD53 exhibited an effective-water-use trait whereas MSD345 exhibited a water-saving trait under dry-down conditions. These results are consistent with the reported higher yield of MSD53 in comparison with MSD345 under drought stress in Sudan, and demonstrate that high FTSWTh supports effective water use for improved agricultural productivity in drylands. The differences in water conservation traits between the two MSD lines may be attributed to variation in introgressed segments, which can be further explored for drought resilience breeding.  相似文献   
130.
S. C. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(2):135-140
Screening of a population of Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum Benth., raised from seeds collected from France, West Africa and Kerala (India) was carried out for chemical composition of its essential oils. In all three collections, plants were found to be comprised of 3 chemotypes which were morphologically indistinguishable, but each chemotype was found to be capable of intercrossing freely with the other two. Selfing was carried out during 4 consecutive generations, after which three pure lines were established. Study of the selfed progeny of each collection exhibited an interesting segregation in S2 and S3 generations. Along with segregation in F2 and F3 generations of various hybrids the results can be explained by assuming a gene ‘M’ existing in 3 (or more) allelic forms: The allele M0 for biosynthesis of estragole (methyl chavicol) is dominant to allelcs M1 , for eugenol and M2 for camphor. Also, allele M1 is dominant to allele M2 . The assumption was further confirmed by testcrosses of F1 hybrids of each cross with their recessive parent.  相似文献   
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