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31.
AFLP是一种新的分子遗传标记技术,它结合了RFLP和PCR技术的优点,具有RFLP的稳定性和PCR的高效性,被称为“最有威力的分子遗传标记”或“下一代分子标记”。相对于国外而言,我国在这方面的研究还比较少。本文综述了扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)这种遗传标记的原理、技术特点、技术发展及其在动物遗传多样性、种质鉴定、遗传图谱构建、基因定位和标记辅助育种等研究中的应用。 相似文献
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利用微卫星标记分析贵州5个地方鸡品种遗传多样性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了贵州省5个地方鸡品种:竹乡鸡、威宁鸡、黔东南小香鸡、高脚鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡的遗传多样性。计算了各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:在5个品种中,杂合度最低的是高脚鸡,为0.501,杂合度最高的是竹乡鸡,为0.673,因此贵州各地方鸡品种的杂合度相差较大,据分析可能是由于交通闭塞,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性;用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:竹乡鸡、黔东南小香鸡和威宁鸡聚为一类,乌蒙乌骨鸡自聚为一类;高脚鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。 相似文献
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家兔群体遗传变异的微卫星标记 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
选用欧洲野兔的 5个微卫星位点 ,分析了 5个品种 (系 )家兔群体的遗传变异。结果表明 :Vc- 系獭兔的群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最大 ,分别为 0 .5 5 2 6和 0 .6 2 0 2 ;新西兰兔群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最小 ,分别为 0 .4 5 15和 0 .5 2 6 1。由此说明 ,5个品种 (系 )家兔中 ,新西兰兔群体内变异较小 ,相对较纯 ;Vc- 系獭兔群体内变异较大 ,纯度相对较小。但总的来看 ,5个品种 (系 )家兔的平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度相差都不大 ,说明Vc獭兔在遗传性能上已接近其他优良品种兔。聚类结果表明 :Vc- 系獭兔与 Vc- 系獭兔亲缘关系最近 ,与日本大耳白兔、青紫蓝兔亲缘关系较近 ,与新西兰兔亲缘关系最远 ,这与 Vc獭兔育种历史事实相符。另外 ,在 Sat4和 Sat8位点上分别检测出了 1条 Vc獭兔所特有的条带 ,从而为进一步研究 Vc獭兔的遗传特性打下良好的基础 相似文献
35.
Masahiro SATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):97-102
The present study evaluated the advantage of mixed‐model techniques over a selection index under different magnitudes of an additional systematic environmental effect (ASEE) in terms of accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain. The data attempted to simulate a closed herd in a pig breeding program. The base population (G0) consisted of 10 males and 50 females. Six generations (G0 to G5) were selected by using a selection index of three traits without overlapping. Additional systematic environmental constants with four levels in a generation were assigned from a uniform distribution at different ranges. Breeding values of animals in the last generation (G5) were estimated on the basis of an index of individual phenotype (SI‐U), SI‐U adjusted for ASEE using a least‐squares mean (SI‐A), best linear unbiased prediction using an animal model excluding ASEE (AM‐E), and an animal model including ASEE (AM‐I). Accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain were larger by the animal model than by the selection index, even if heritability of the traits selected was high and ASEE was set to zero. When ASEE was zero, the accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain given by SI‐U and AM‐I were similar to those given by SI‐A and AM‐E, respectively. However, the differences in accuracy and expected gain between SI‐U and AI‐A and between AM‐I and AM‐E increased as the range of ASEE increased. It was concluded that selection based on an animal model was more effective than index selection, even if the herd environment was uniform and traits with high heritability were selected, and that it should be always included in an evaluation model, however slight any systematic environmental effect may be in a closed herd. 相似文献
36.
Improving management for higher reproduction accelerates genetic improvement in closed herd of swine
Masahiro SATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(6):499-502
The present study compared responses to selection at different conception rates and litter sizes at weaning in a simulated closed herd in a swine breeding program. The base population consisted of 10 males and 50 females, and 10 generations of selection was practiced by using individual phenotype or best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values for a trait with heritability (h2) of either 0.2 or 0.5. The probability of conception in a single mating was assumed to be 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0. Litter size at weaning was sampled randomly from a normal distribution with mean 8, 10 or 12 and variance 8.1225. Genetic response increased by approximately 6% for h2 = 0.2 and approximately 5% for h2 = 0.5 at generation 10 when conception rate was increased from 0.8 to 1.0. However, litter size at weaning did not affect response to selection. In conclusion, improving conception rate by environmental management increases genetic response indirectly in a breeding program of a closed swine herd. 相似文献
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西安荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因座位遗传多态性的PCR-RFLP分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
应用PCR-RFLP方法对西安荷斯坦牛的κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、CSN1S2、IGFBP-3共5个基因座位进行了多态性分析。结果表明,在西安荷斯坦牛群中,没有发现携带CSN1S2^P等位基因的个体,其多态信息含量为0。κ-en基因座位呈现低度多态(PIC=0.2366),β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3基因座位的多态信息含量分别为0.3168、0.3689、0.4439,均呈现中度多态。κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3、CSNIS2基因座位的杂合度和DNA多态度分别为0.2742、0.3947、0.4879、0.4891、0和0.0255、0.0116、0.0333、0.0112、0。而且,在西安荷斯坦牛群中,κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3共4个基因座位均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,CSN1S2基因座位处于纯合状态。 相似文献
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40.
J. Schäler R. Wellmann J. Bennewitz G. Thaller D. Hinrichs 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):63-72
Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints. 相似文献