黑米稻种皮色素含量的遗传效应分析

 采用3个种皮颜色深浅不同的黑米稻品种与1个白米稻品种配制6个杂交组合，测定F₂单株黑米种皮中的色素含量。所有组合F₂群体的色素含量的平均值介于双亲之间，并呈现近似的正态分布，表现多基因控制的数量性状遗传。选用6个黑米稻品种与1个白米稻品种作7×7完全双列杂交，按Hayman模型进行遗传分析，结果表明，黑米稻种皮色素含量的遗传符合加性－显性模型，高色素含量的等位基因对低含量的等位基因表现显性，种皮深黑色对浅黑色、黑色对白色为显性；显性等位基因对提高色素含量起增效作用，隐性等位基因起减效作用；且广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高。在黑米稻的杂交育种中，可以种皮颜色作为主要目标，连续多代定向选择深黑色种皮的个体，并结合高世代的营养品质分析结果进行最终抉择，以保证所选黑米稻新品种（系）既有深黑色的种皮外观，又有丰富的营养成分。     

Invasion genetics of alien insect pests in China: Research progress and future prospects

An unwelcome side effect of the globalization of the world's economy and dramatic increase in human mobility and trade has been a marked increase in species invasions that have posed severe threats to the ecological, economic, and/or social stability of the introduced regions. In this review, we analyzed the application of molecular markers in invasion genetics of invasive alien insect pests (IAIPs) in China based on a bibliometric survey. Our report discusses the considerable progress that has been made during the past two decades in understanding the invasion genetics of IAIPs in China. We reviewed the major findings in the main topics including the effects of origin and routes of invasion on genetic structure, spatial and temporal genetic changes, factors contributing to the genetic changes of IAIPs, and genetic mechanisms involved in IAIPs' invasions. On the other hand, some of these research areas remain relatively unexplored in China, especially those pertaining to spatial and temporal genetic changes of IAIPs and genetic mechanisms of IAIPs' invasions. Finally, the future research prospects of IAIPs in China are discussed. We hope this review will stimulate an interest in and provide an increased understanding of the field of invasion genetics of IAIPs in China, and provide a basis for future research in this area.     

豇豆种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP和SSR分析

为从分子水平上揭示豇豆种质资源间的亲缘关系,为其种质资源搜集、鉴定、利用和遗传改良提供一定的理论基础,利用SRAP和SSR分子标记对41份来自中国和马来西亚的豇豆种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。从65对SRAP引物和10对SSR引物中分别筛选获得稳定清晰且多态性强的31对SRAP引物和5对SSR引物,对41份栽培豇豆资源的DNA进行SRAP-PCR和SSR-PCR扩增。2种PCR扩增共获230条扩增条带,其中SRAP检测到196条扩增条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数为6.3条,多态性片段为161条,多态性比例为82.14%;SSR检测到34条带,平均每对引物扩增等位基因数6.8条,多肽性片段为25条,多态性比例为73.53%,表明本研究搜集的豇豆种质间的遗传多样性比较丰富。基于SRAP和SSR标记的结果,利用UPGMA构建了41份豇豆资源的聚类树状图,其遗传相似系数为0.1667~0.9516,大多在0.674以上。结果表明,SRAP和SSR分子标记能有效地将41份豇豆资源分开,且部分种质间的遗传距离较远,这为豇豆资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。

     

河北省中国荷斯坦牛产奶和体型性状遗传参数分析

旨在探究河北省中国荷斯坦牛产奶和体型性状的遗传参数,为育种提供参考.本研究收集了2012-2018年河北省133个牛场8 891头中国荷斯坦母牛第一胎次的3个产奶性状记录(产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率)和26个体型性状记录,利用DMU软件,以场年季、产犊月龄、鉴定年季和鉴定员效应为固定效应,以个体的加性遗传效应为随机效应,...     

烟草品种Coker176和Ti245抗TMV的遗传分析*

 以2个抗烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的烟草品种Coker176和Ti245及感TMV烟草品种K326为材料,经杂交、自交、回交建立F1,F2,BC1等世代群体。采用人工接种TMV的方法对各群体进行抗性鉴定,统计各世代抗感植株数;利用卡方测验对分离世代群体进行抗感分离比检测。结果表明,Coker176的TMV抗性由一对显性基因所控制,Ti245的TMV抗性由两对隐性基因所控制。最后对2个抗性亲本在抗TMV育种中的利用进行了探讨。     

粗皮桉种源/家系的遗传变异

粗皮桉是生产锯材的潜力树种之一。对其进行了种源/家系早期选择试验，结果表明：2年生试验林的平均树高和胸径分别为7.69m和7.08cm，保存率为75.08%，且各指标在种源和家系水平上都存在极显著差异；树高的遗传力随树龄的增加而增大，2年生时树高和胸径的遗传力分别为26.3%和22.8%，用指数选择法选出17861等8个种批（平均树高7.82-7.93m，平均胸径6.99-7.38cm)和211等15个家系（平均树高7.80-9.43m，平均胸径8.00-8.69cm)为推荐的潜力优良材料。     

水稻多基因型种群品种不同生态稻区的适应性研究

旨在探究水稻多基因型种群品种在不同生态稻区的适应性和稳定性,为多基因型种群品种的推广提供依据。选用参试品种‘尤群6号’、‘南八糯’和对照品种‘红优7号’开展田间试验,通过抗病性、农艺性状等指标进行综合评价。结果表明：参试品种‘尤群6号’(0.40~0.95 kg/m2)和‘南八糯’(0.81~1.04 kg/m2)在4个稻区产量显著高于对照品种（尤群6号在文山地区表现除外）;田间发病总体较轻,个别品种在局部试验点表现有差异,‘尤群6号’在文山稻瘟病发生 (DI=48.66)和粳稻区楚雄稻曲病发生相对较重,仍需继续种植综合观察;品种生育期随试验点海拔的升高而缩短,株高随月平均气温升高而增高,品种内株高变异系数介于1.97~6.13之间。研究表明参试品种在籼粳混栽区红河表现最佳,籼稻区德宏表现较好,在文山、楚雄田间表现有待继续评价;总体上,表现出较好适应性和稳定性。     

湖羊生长性状遗传参数的估测

对湖羊生长性状的表型参数和遗传参数的估测表明，性别对这些生长性状有极显著的影响，在遗传参数的估测中剔除性别的效应可提高估计的正确性。初生重、断奶重、三月龄重、六月龄重、周岁重和日增重等性状都属于高遗传力性状，遗传力分别为０．４１９０，０．３０４２．０．６０２３，０．６０７７，０．３９５６和０．６９４５．根据相关分析结果，为提高湖羊的生长速度和肉用性能，把日增重和三月龄重作为主要选择性状，预期可获得较好的效果     

Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and their direct detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR

Based on partial sequence analysis of the β‐tubulin gene, 19 isolates of fungi causing bull's eye rot on apple in Poland were classified into species: Neofabraea alba, N. perennans and N. kienholzii. To the authors’ knowledge, the detection of N. kienholzii is the second in Europe and the first in Poland. Species affiliation of these fungi was confirmed by a new species‐specific multiplex PCR assay developed on the basis of previously published methods. The new protocol allowed for the specific identification of bull's eye rot‐causing species, both from pure cultures and directly from the skin of diseased or apparently healthy apples. In 550 samples of diseased fruits collected from nine cold storage rooms located in three regions of Poland, in 2011 and 2012, N. alba was detected as the predominant species causing bull's eye rot, occurring on average in 94% of the tested samples. Neofabraea perennans was found in a minority of apple samples, N. kienholzii was found only in two apple samples, while N. malicorticis was not detected in any sample tested. In tests on 120 apparently healthy fruits, only N. perennans was detected in a single sample. The results of genetic diversity analyses of bull's eye rot‐causing fungi based on the β‐tubulin gene sequence and an ISSR (inter‐simple sequence repeat) PCR assay with two primers were consistent, showing the expected segregation of tested isolates with respect to their species boundaries. However, the genetic distance between N. perennans and N. malicorticis was very low, as reported previously.