蛭石与人造沸石氨氮等温吸附理论式与判别式

为比较在高起始氨氮浓度C0点和介质用量W0点上,吸附理论通式Qe=W0qmC0/[qmKw W0(qm-qe) C0]与其简化方程Qe=W0qmC0/[qm(Kw W0) C0]的适用性,测定了给定pH值和温度条件下反应平衡时NH4Cl溶液中蛭石和人造沸石的氨氮吸附量(Qe).在该试验条件下确定的蛭石单位介质吸附容量qm和介质系数Kw值分别为22 mg/g和15.5 g/L,人造沸石的qm和Kw的值分别为45 mg/g和8 g/L.在整个试验氨氮浓度C0和介质用量W0范围内,用该通式描述两介质刘氨氮的等温吸附过程具有很高的精确度.而简化方程仅在有限范围内即C0相对小或W0相对大时才适用.若给定预测相对误差(RD),则C0/qm(Kw W0)≤RD可作为简化方程应用的判别式.     

基于杂交种群体的玉米产量及其配合力的全基因组关联分析

【目的】通过分析陕A群和陕B群选育自交系组配的杂交种产量,评估自交系的配合力,并开展以产量和配合力为目标性状的全基因组关联分析,挖掘产量及其配合力的关联位点,为陕A群和陕B群选育玉米自交系的改良及育种中的应用提供依据。【方法】基于NCⅡ遗传设计,以陕A群和陕B群选育的85份优良玉米自交系为亲本,构建包含246份F₁的杂交种群体,在3个环境下进行产量测试,并评估产量的一般配合力和特殊配合力;利用6H90K芯片进行亲本基因型检测,获得63 879个高质量SNP标记,并进行群体遗传特征分析,在杂交种群体推测出高质量SNP标记55 951个,采用加性模型和非加性模型对杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力开展了全基因组关联分析,并基于B73参考基因组对显著关联SNPs内的基因进行挖掘和功能注释。【结果】3个环境下的产量表现符合正态分布且变异广泛,产量广义遗传力为59.04%,环境效应显著;杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力三者之间均达到极显著相关性,杂交种产量与特殊配合力的相关性（r=0.95）大于与一般配合力的相关性（r=0.62）;陕A群与陕B群遗传特征具有一定差异,陕A群具有较高的一般配合力。全基因组关联分析分别检测到7、5和9个SNP与杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力显著相关（-log₁₀(P)>3.86）,其中4个SNP为杂交种产量和特殊配合力共定位,最终锚定了17个关联SNP。对不同性状关联位点的优势等位基因型分析发现,4个GCA关联SNP受加性效应控制,F₁产量BLUE关联位点可分为4种表现形式,以显性效应为主,其杂合基因型为最优等位基因型或次优等位基因型。通过功能注释发现,候选基因在玉米生长发育和籽粒建成中特异表达,例如GRMZM2G165828、GRMZM2G057557均与玉米籽粒发育相关。【结论】一般配合力和特殊配合力共同影响杂交种的产量,特殊配合力效应影响更大;一般配合力和特殊配合力具有不同的遗传基础,可通过有利等位基因聚集提高一般配合力。在F₁杂交种群体采用全基因组关联分析策略可开展配合力相关遗传解析,挖掘产量及其配合力相关遗传位点,可加速关联位点在分子育种中的应用。     

A comparison in dogs of medetomidine,with or without MK‐467, and the combination acepromazine‐butorphanol as premedication prior to anaesthesia induced by propofol and maintained with isoflurane

ObjectiveTo compare the haemodynamic effects of three premedicant regimens during propofol-induced isoflurane anaesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized cross-over study.AnimalsEight healthy purpose-bred beagles aged 4 years and weighing mean 13.6 ± SD 1.9 kg.MethodsThe dogs were instrumented whilst under isoflurane anaesthesia prior to each experiment, then allowed to recover for 60 minutes. Each dog was treated with three different premedications given intravenously (IV): medetomidine 10 μg kg^?1 (MED), medetomidine 10 μg kg^?1 with MK-467 250 μg kg^?1 (MMK), or acepromazine 0.01 mg kg^?1 with butorphanol 0.3 mg kg^?1 (AB). Anaesthesia was induced 20 minutes later with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen for 60 minutes. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output, arterial blood pressures (ABP), central venous pressure (CVP), respiratory rate, inspired oxygen fraction, rectal temperature (RT) and bispectral index (BIS) were measured and arterial and venous blood gases analyzed. Cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), oxygen delivery index (DO₂I), systemic oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) and oxygen extraction (EO₂) were calculated. Times to extubation, righting, sternal recumbency and walking were recorded. The differences between treatment groups were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance.ResultsHR, CI, DO₂I and BIS were significantly lower with MED than with MMK. ABP, CVP, SVRI, EO₂, RT and arterial lactate were significantly higher with MED than with MMK and AB. HR and ABP were significantly higher with MMK than with AB. However, CVP, CI, SVRI, DO₂I, VO₂I, EO₂, T, BIS and blood lactate did not differ significantly between MMK and AB. The times to extubation, righting, sternal recumbency and walking were significantly shorter with MMK than with MED and AB.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMK-467 attenuates certain cardiovascular effects of medetomidine in dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane. The cardiovascular effects of MMK are very similar to those of AB.     

一种φ630直埋管抗压强度与轴向滑动试验装置

针对现有直埋夹套管总体抗压强度与轴向滑动试验装置普遍采用手动装卸砂、手动加载的特点,给出了规格为西630直埋夹套管总体抗压强度与轴向滑动试验装置的设计方案与工作原理,其主要由砂箱、液压加载装置、推拉力试验机、升降加砂装置、送管装置5个部分组成。砂箱底部设有出砂口,试验结束后,打开砂箱底部挡板,可将细砂弓I入其侧下方升降装置的储砂箱中,升降加砂装置可将储砂箱运到砂箱侧上方供再次试验时使用,液压加载装置可自动为砂箱加载,保证试验外管承受均匀、适当的载荷。该装置符合国家有关法规标准的要求,能实现自动装卸砂,自动为砂箱加载。（图8,表2,参9）     

广义Riesz平均的交换子

讨论了一类Ｒｉｅｓｚ平均与ＢＭＯ函数生成的交换子的Ｌ＾ｐ有界性问题。得到的结果表明在超曲面的高斯曲率不为零的条件下，与经典的Ｂｏｃｈｍｅｒ－Ｒｉｅｓｚ平均有相类似的结果。     

战略性新兴产业背景下高等学校专业结构调整分析

后金融危机时代，在大力发展战略性新兴产业背景下，必须加强高校专业结构调整力度。基于产业结构调整与高校专业结构调整之间的辩证互动关系和国外经验，新形势下，高校专业结构调整的基本原则是：动态、优势、特色和非均衡；其总体思路是，以学生为本，重视学生的个性发展。立足社会需要，努力打造能够适应时代变化和市场需求的高等学校专业课程体系。     

车床的数控改造

普通机床的数控化改造已成为企业提高自身自动化程度的一种重要手段,是中小型机械加工企业技术革新的重要途径。文章阐述了普通车床数控化改造的过程和方法。     

Diallel study of open-pollinated maize varieties in Trinidad

Summary In Trinidad, maize (Zea mays L.) is primarily harvested in the immature stage as green ears for human consumption. The purchase of popular imported hybrid seed has become a substantial component of the economic inputs of maize production. The objectives of this study were to investigate combining abilities and heterotic patterns among available open-pollinated varieties and to assess correlations among five important traits: time to silking, plant height, grain yield, ear size, and marketable ears per hectare. General combining ability was significant for all traits. Specific combining ability was significant for all traits except ear size. Three intervarietal crosses showed moderate levels of heterosis (10–27%), and several yielded similarly to the control hybrids, Pioneer X304 and Pioneer 3078. The cross Acid Soil Tolerant 1991 SA-3 X ICTA Farm Corn was selected as the most suitable base population for mass selection. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the five traits studied were all positive and significant. Populations which flowered early were shorter and yielded less than the late flowering and taller populations and population crosses included in this study.     

Breeding two base populations of perennial ryegrass

Summary A program designed to develop two base populations of perennial ryegrass was initiated in 1985 in Galicia. Multitrait mass selection by a base index was practised in two genetic resources groups of wild Galician populations. Plants selected were intercrossed and the two resulting base populations (F and G) were evaluated in two locations at the spaced plant level and in plot trials with the aim of estimating the genetic parameters and the possibilities for future breeding. The two populations did not show significant differences from commercial cultivars. Production characters had low heritabilities (0.01–0.32) in both locations. Seasonal yields had medium to high family heritabilities (0.36–0.73). For the economic traits chosen, the expected genetic advances were important in both populations for summer and autumn growth in Mabegondo and spring and summer-autumn dry matter yield (1^st and 3^rd year) in Puebla de Brollón. Expected genetic advance for early spring growth was 0.62 in population F. In the autumn of 1991 equal numbers of plants, selected at each location by combined family and mass selection from each of these populations, were planted in two polycrosses with the aim of improving the genetic basis and adaptation of these populations.