油气输送管道用钢管标准的发展历程及趋势

为保证油气管道工程用钢管标准的先进性和适用性,跟踪研究了国内外油气输送钢管的基础标准、具体工程的管道技术条件及通用管材技术条件的最新发展,并分析了其特点、关系及差异,提出了改进建议。研究表明:基础标准发展变化快,内容系统,适用范围广,但指标低且不具体;重要的油气管道工程必须在基础标准的基础上,针对工程特点,提高或补充相关技术要求,制定具体工程的管材技术条件;通用管材技术条件是基于基础标准补充制定的,但不针对具体管道工程,需要结合具体管道工程给出钢管数据单,确定必要的技术指标并补充技术要求。     

农业行政处罚简易程序与一般程序的区别及适用分析

从特点、方法、步骤等方面阐述农业行政处罚简易程序与一般程序的区别,并对其适用情况进行分析,以期促进农业行政处罚的合理、有效开展。     

轮回选择培育紫花苜蓿耐盐新品系

经过二代轮回选择和一代混合选择得到的70个耐盐优株相互杂交的后代群体为材料,在含盐量为0.3%~0.5%的盐碱地上种植,通过表型选择挑出106个耐盐优株,并进行了耐盐性一般配合力的测定,其中耐盐性一般配合力高的植株73株,中等的23株,较低的10株。淘汰一般配合力较低和中等的植株,让耐盐性一般配合力高的优株相互杂交,完成第三代轮回选择,得到了耐盐优株相互杂交的耐盐苜蓿新品系。     

Fuzzy Analysis Method for Evaluating the Qualityof Project General Supervision Engineer

Since the implementation of the new construction system in 1988 in China, this system has gone through three phases: trial phase(1988-1993),development phase(1993-1995),and comprehensive application phase from 1996.Construction supervision as a new management system has profound effects to the whole process of a construction project, in particular, to the three conventional objectives, that is quality, cost and construction time. The new management system has to a large extent brought the traditional problems of extended construction time, uncontrollable cost and unsecured quality to a normal practice. Construction supervision is a management activity with request of high intelligence. The performance of this activity is closely related to the quality of project general supervision engineer. This paper identifies the basic elements that a proper project general supervision must have. By applying the fuzzy analysis principle, this paper presents a quantitative model for evaluating the quality of project general supervision engineer.It provides an applicable approach for project clients when general supervision engineers are to be chosen.     

Changes in producer services location,Sydney: globalisation,technology and labour

This paper explores the distribution of producer services within Sydney in the context of globalisation, technological change and the location of labour. Four case study industries are analysed: management consultancy, general insurance, graphic design, and data processing. It is concluded that globalisation appears to have reinforced the traditional central city focus of Sydney’s producer services sector, although the producer services surveyed here have dispersed away from the CBD itself. Technological change in conjunction with residential preferences is expanding this focus in parts of the sector, particularly toward residential areas of professionals in less contact-intensive activities.     

玉米478近缘系的性状分析：Ⅱ.配合力分析

对由７个４７８近缘系组配的３５个杂交组合的１３个数量性状进行了分析。结果表明：１．４７８近缘系之间的一般配合力在多数数量性状上存在着显著的差异;２．在特定的杂交组合内,有些４７８近缘系可以相互替代;３．在不同的杂交组合内,可以相互替代的４７８近缘系不同。     

杉木配合力第1轮回选择的研究 Ⅰ.遗传参数估计及配合力效应分析

对７５个参试杉木亲本进行巢式交配设计,１４年生时,测定其树高、胸径等生长性状,分析了它们的一般配合力、特殊配合力效应及其遗传差异;估计了调查性状的加性遗传方差,显性遗传方差、组间环境方差、组内环境方差、半同胞表型协方差、全同胞表型协方差、半同胞相关系数、全同胞相关系数、雄亲遗传力、雌亲遗传力和雄亲＋雌亲遗传力等遗传参数．     

养殖工船系统构建与总体技术探讨

随着社会经济发展,开发海洋生物资源是国家战略及必然趋势。养殖工船是发展深远海养殖工程的核心装备之一,深入研究养殖工船,大力发展深远海养殖,具有较高的经济价值和社会价值。该文从装备技术发展面临的问题出发,以动力系统、系泊系统、养殖系统、物流系统及加工系统的总布置为基础,兼顾安全性、经济性及环保性,将商用运输船设计方法和养殖技术要求有机结合在一起,初步探讨了构建深远海养殖工船系统和总体技术框架。提出了重点关注和研究的技术方向,以期实现船舶和养殖行业的联合技术攻关,早日形成产业指南和设计规程,指导后续养殖工船设计。结合中国强大的船舶海工制造能力,完成养殖工船的批量建设,实现未来规模化深远海养殖。     

Diel vertical migration of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

To investigate their diel vertical migration (DVM), 599 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were implanted with electronic archival tags in the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and the eastern Bering Sea. Of these tags, 98 were recovered with usable depth data (7,852,773 recordings representing 81,233 days) that we used to identify DVM and to classify DVM into one of two types: normal DVM (rise from the bottom during nighttime) and reverse DVM (rise from the bottom during daytime). The results of our study highlight three important attributes of DVM for sablefish. First, all tagged sablefish carried out DVM, although the occurrence was intermittent (26% of the days with usable data) and most commonly for short durations (10 days or less). Second, bottom depth for normal DVM was about 78 m shallower than for reverse DVM. Third, normal DVM occurred most often in fall and least often in spring, whereas this high/low pattern was shifted about 3 months later for reverse DVM; reverse DVM occurred most often in winter and least often in summer. Normal DVM likely occurred to increase foraging opportunity (e.g., nightly shift to match depth of prey). Reverse DVM more commonly occurred during winter and may represent an increase in foraging by sablefish during the daytime to compensate for decreased pelagic resources. The default foraging strategy for sablefish may be benthic because of the uncertainty of vertically migrating to a location where the occurrence of prey is not guaranteed; sablefish may invoke DVM when the non‐DVM foraging benefit is reduced.     

穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆蠕变与应力松弛特性的试验研究

为深入了解穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆拉伸过程中的力学特性,该文利用微控电子万能试验机对穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆常规拉伸、蠕变与应力松弛特性进行测试与分析。试验表明:常规拉伸一般有2次断裂,1次断裂前,应力-应变为线性关系,没有明显的屈服过程,且平均断裂应力大小随加载速率的增加而呈线性增加;拉伸蠕变和应力松弛过程分别利用伯格斯四元件模型和麦克斯韦五元件模型进行描述。通过对曲线进行拟合,得到相关的模型参数,基于选用的流变模型和本构方程,结合秧苗茎秆的生物体特点,分别对蠕变速率、蠕变柔量和应力松弛速率、应力松弛时间进行分析,结果表明:蠕变和应力松弛过程都是弹性动力与黏滞阻力之间彼此牵制的过程;蠕变过程产生与蠕变时间和初始应力呈正相关的塑性应变,应力松弛过程导致茎秆大分子链发生变化,均对秧苗茎秆造成一定损伤;秧苗茎秆内部含有柔嫩与粗壮2种组织结构。研究结果可为秧苗机械拔取的损伤评估和相关仿真分析提供参考。