犬静脉胆道造影术

对健康成龄本地犬20只分5组进行了39次静脉胆道造影。分别缓慢(3～4mL/min)静注胆影葡胺0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0mL/kg,于注药后20、30、40、60、120和180min分别摄取胆区X线照片。结果,注药后20min,72％的胆囊开始显影,60min时,显影率达100％;造影剂剂量以0.4～0.8mL/kg为宜,以此剂量注入后120min,胆囊显影良好者达97％,180min达100％。当剂量在0.4mL/kg体重以上时,胆管显影率为59％。饲喂缩胆剂后1～2h左右胆囊收缩到最大限度。     

Diagnosis of systemic cryptococcosis by fecal cytology in a dog

A 3-year-old Boxer was presented with progressive diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy of 5-months duration. The dog had watery black feces, a mature neutrophilia, and microcytic anemia. Cytologic evaluation of a direct fecal smear stained with Wright's-Giemsa revealed numerous encapsulated, narrow-based, budding organisms consistent with Cryptococcus sp. Pyogranulomatous inflammation and Cryptococcus organisms also were observed in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes, and in histologic sections of colonic biopsies obtained by endoscopy. Multifocal chorioretinitis by fundic examination was consistent with systemic mycosis, and the reciprocal antigen titer (1600) on a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination test for Cryptococcus neoformans was markedly increased. Using immunohistochemistry, the organism was identified further as C neoformans var. grubii (C neoformans var. neoformans serotype A). After 3 weeks of antifungal treatment, ultrasound examination revealed urinary bladder wall thickening, and Cryptococcus organisms were found in a urine sediment preparation. After 4 months of treatment, the dog was clinically normal and had no abnormal findings on CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, or fecal cytology; however, the antigen titer remained unchanged, mesenteric lymphadenomegaly and jejunal wall thickening were still evident, and cytologic evaluation of fine-needles aspirates of the jejunal wall revealed budding Cryptococcus organisms. Intestinal involvement in dogs with cryptococcosis is rare, and diagnosis by fecal cytology has not been documented previously.     

Trichophytobezoar duodenal obstruction in New World camelids

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical findings, surgical treatment, and outcome associated with trichophytobezoar duodenal obstruction in New World camelids. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Alpacas (7) and 1 llama. METHODS: Historical and clinical data were obtained from the medical records of New World camelids with a diagnosis of trichophytobezoar duodenal obstruction confirmed by surgical exploration or necropsy. RESULTS: Seven camelids were <1 year old. Abnormal clinical findings included anorexia, reduced fecal output, recumbency, colic, abdominal distension, regurgitation, decreased serum chloride concentration, increased serum bicarbonate concentration, and/or elevated first gastric compartment chloride concentration. Survey abdominal radiographs obtained (4 animals) revealed gastric distension (4) and/or visualization of the obstruction (2). Diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy (1) or surgery (7). Right paracostal celiotomy was performed on all animals and duodenotomy (3) or retropulsion of the trichophytobezoar combined with third compartment gastrotomy (4) was used to remove the obstruction. Six animals survived to discharge and 5 were healthy at follow-up, 8-20 months later. The remaining discharged alpaca was healthy at 12 months but subsequently died of unrelated causes. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of trichophytobezoar duodenal obstruction should be considered in juvenile New World camelids with abdominal distension and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Right paracostal celiotomy can be used for access to the descending duodenum and third gastric compartment for surgical relief of obstruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Duodenal obstruction from bezoars should be considered in New World camelids <1year of age with abdominal distension and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Surgical relief of the obstruction by right paracostal celiotomy has a good prognosis.     

MULTIPLE CONGENITAL URINARY TRACT ABNORMALITIES IN A BITCH: A CASE HISTORY REPORT

A 2 1/2-month-old, female German Shepherd Dog was examined because of incontinence since birth. Multiple urinary anomalies which included left renal agenesis, right hydronephrosis and hydroureter and urinary bladder dysfunction were found by excretory urography. These abnormalities were confirmed at necropsy. In addition, vesicovaginal continuity with apparent absence of the urethra was also found     

地方猪种对纤维饲料利用的研究——Ⅱ.消化道形态与大肠内容物重量的变化

以三元杂种猪为对照,研究了东北民猪在3种NDF水平(0、10、20％)下消化道形态及后肠内容物鲜重的变化。试验从活重30千克开始,80千克结束时,每组在最后一次给食后的2、4、8、12或16小时随机屠宰2头。电击晕死后立即开膛取出内脏,分为胃、小肠、盲肠和结肠4段进行测量。结果表明猪对饲粮纤维含量的增加从胃肠道形态上发生明显的适应性变化,消化道长度、鲜重增加,尤其结肠长度增加明显,胃、小肠和结肠的鲜重显著地高于基础饲粮组。民猪胃重和结肠鲜重及长度的增加比对照杂种猪明显,消化道总鲜重及其占空体重的比例显著地高于对照杂种猪。随NDF水平的提高,大肠内容物鲜重明显增加,其中民猪更为突出,后肠是吸收水分的主要场所。     

COMPARISON OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS TO HISTOPATHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 41 DOGS AND CATS WITH SUSPECTED SMALL BOWEL INFILTRATIVE DISEASE (1985 to 1990)

It was the intent of this study to define which, if any, radiographic observations corresponded with specific causes of diffuse infiltrative small bowel disease and if radiographic findings could differentiate inflammatory disease from neoplastic disease and either of them from normal. Bowel spasticity, luminal narrowing, and thumbprinting tend to indicate the presence of tumor more often than inflammatory disease. Increased bowel gas in cats and barium adhesion in dogs and cats suggest that a component of enteritis is present. Decreased bowel gas in dogs is more often associated with obstructive disease, but is not helpful in differentiating diffuse inflammatory disease from diffuse neoplastic disease. While several observations that can foster differentiation of neoplastic from inflammatory disease were found, this study also indicated that the UGI lacks a high degree of predictive value other than to indicate the presence of infiltrative small bowel disease.     

Complex Carbohydrates Occurring in the Digestive Apparatus of Umbrina Cirrosa (L.) Fry

The glycosoaminoglycans in the digestive apparatus of immature fish have important biological functions and are involved in morphofunctional differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the glycoconjugate histochemistry in the different parts of the digestive apparatus (oesophagus, stomach, intestine) of Umbrina cirrosa (L.) fry using classical histochemical reactions (periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff, high iron diamine, low iron diamine) in conjunction with glycolytic digestions that degrade different classes of glycosoaminoglycans. No differences were observed in the reactivity to conventional histochemical staining of the oesophagus, stomach or intestine among 27-, 34- or 44-day-old fry. In the oesophagus, the mucopolysaccharides contained chondroitin sulphates B and A and/or C, heparan sulphate and chondroitin. In the stomach, only neutral glycoconjugates were revealed, whereas in the intestine there were only chondroitin sulphates. Some differences in the type and content of glycoconjugates were found in Umbrina cirrosa (L.) fry compared to those of adult subjects, probably related to different dietary habits and to changes in the environmental conditions.     

An investigation into the role of Chlamydophila spp. in bovine upper respiratory tract disease

An outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease was investigated in a group of 17 housed home-bred calves on a mixed dairy, beef and sheep farm in Devon. Conjunctival swabs were collected and tested for Chlamydophila spp. DNA using a PCR test that detects Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila psittaci. Six of the calves tested gave a positive result. Further epidemiological observations and laboratory testing indicated that the adult dairy cows, from which the affected calves originated, were the most likely source of infection.     

荥经长毛兔消化道计量组织学观察

本文采用大体解剖、石蜡组织切片技术和Spot321图像分析系统对荥经长毛兔消化道各段进行了观察研究.结果显示:荥经长毛兔消化道具典型草食动物结构特性,口腔内具发达的牙齿,上蜃纵向开裂;食道粗短,黏膜表皮角质化;胃囊状膨大,黏膜皱褶发达;小肠长,肠绒毛发达;大肠较长,无肠绒毛.各段管腔壁由内向外依次分为黏膜、粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜(外膜)四层结构,各部位的主要区别在于黏膜层,此外,粘膜下层、肌层的相对厚度等也存在差异.荥经长毛兔消化道的解剖学和组织学结构与其食草性功能密切相关.