A combined procedure to evaluate the global antioxidant response of bread

Baking is the most representative manufacturing process applied to bread, involving thermal and moisture conditions that facilitate the Maillard reaction (MR) and, at the same time, the destruction-formation of natural-labile and thermally-induced antioxidant compounds respectively. In the present paper, the use of a new approach to measure the Global Antioxidant Response (GAR) of cereal derivatives is proposed: a combination of in vitro digestion – which enables measurement of the bioaccessible fraction – and the QUENCHER, which makes it possible to determine the antioxidant activity of the insoluble fraction, since it is a simple and direct procedure for determining the total antioxidant capacity of solid products. After digestion, the results obtained by the antioxidant assays are up to 20-fold higher than those reported using the standard extraction methods. The non-extractable residue displayed significant antioxidant activity that accounted for up to 17% of the total antioxidant activity. Moreover, the GAR obtained in some of the assays developed was 10–40% higher than the antioxidant activity registered by the QUENCHER procedure in wheat bread, and the difference was even higher in wheat bran bread. Therefore, the use of the GAR approach could avoid underestimation of the antioxidant activity of cereal derivatives.     

鄂尔多斯细毛羊7种常见消化道线虫卵原始图像库的初步建立

为实现粪便虫卵检查法的数字化和自动化,本文在调查鄂尔多斯细毛羊消化道主要线虫病流行病学基础上,广泛收集感染率普遍较高的细颈线虫(Nematodirus)、夏伯特线虫(Chabertia)、捻转血矛线虫(Haem onchus contor-tus)、毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus)、仰口线虫(O esophagostomum)、食道口线虫(Bunostomum)和奥斯特线虫(O stertagia)卵原始图像,并经photoshop9.0应用软件进行人工分割和背景清理,初步建立了以上7种线虫卵的原始图像库。虫卵图像库共包含1 320幅原始图像,每种虫卵图像至少100幅以上,基本涵盖了每种虫卵图像的多种表现形式,为后期的虫卵图像数字化描述和自动识别奠定了基础。     

黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)消化道5-HT细胞的分布及形态学观察

应用ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)免疫组织化学方法对黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)消化道内的5-HT免疫活性细胞(5-Hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive cell,5-HT cell)进行了免疫组织化学的定位研究和形态学观察。结果显示:5-HT细胞在黑龙江林蛙消化道的各个部位均有分布,其中以胃幽门部分布密度为最高,胃贲门部次之,空肠部最低。5-HT细胞的形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、锥体形和梭形等,细胞分布于上皮细胞之间、上皮基部和腺泡上皮细胞之间。5-HT细胞形态与其内、外分泌功能是相适应的。     

苜蓿草粉对黄河鲤鱼消化生理指标的影响

选取来源一致、体质健康、尾均重为248.70±1.31 g的黄河鲤鱼750尾,采用单因子完全随机设计,设5个处理,3个重复,分别在基础饲粮中添加0%(对照组)、5%(试验Ⅰ组)、10%(试验Ⅱ组)、15%(试验Ⅲ组)和20%(试验Ⅳ组)紫花苜蓿草粉,研究其对黄河鲤鱼消化生理指标的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉的添加对黄河鲤鱼消化道指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)肝胰脏和前、中、后各肠段的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均随着苜蓿草粉的添加比例的增加呈现先升后降的趋势。其中,5%和10%的苜蓿草粉添加组在肝胰脏和后肠中的蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%添加组在肝胰脏和各个肠段的淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)适宜水平的苜蓿草粉(5%、10%)能够提高黄河鲤鱼肠绒毛高度,在前肠,10%添加组的肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);而高含量的苜蓿草粉(15%、20%)则降低了肠绒毛高度。综合表明,在黄河鲤鱼饲粮中添加10%苜蓿草粉能显著提高其消化酶活性及肠绒毛高度。     

Trauma‐associated acute mesenteric ischemia in a dog

Objective – To describe the successful management of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) in a dog. Case Summary – An 11‐year‐old, 21.4 kg, male castrated Rough‐Coated Collie was referred for evaluation of an acute abdomen following sustaining injuries in a vehicular accident. On presentation to the hospital, clinicopathologic assessments were within normal limits and distended intestinal loops were evident on abdominal palpation. Plain and contrast radiography demonstrated diffusely distended gas‐filled intestinal loops with a delayed barium transit time. Emergency surgical exploration was performed. The cecum and the proximal two‐thirds of the colon were dark purple to black in color and there were no palpable pulses in the mesenteric arteries associated with the cecum and colon. The cecum and proximal two‐thirds of the colon were resected and an ileocolic anastomosis was performed. The dog recovered well from surgery and was discharged 2 days later. Histopathologic examination was consistent with AMI. New or Unique Information Provided – AMI is uncommonly reported in human medicine and is a rare complication from even minor blunt abdominal trauma. This is the first reported case of trauma‐associated AMI in a dog.     

极北鲵与东北小鲵消化道嗜银细胞的比较

摘 要：应用Grimelius法对极北鲵（Salamandrella keyserlingii）、东北小鲵(Hynobius leechii )两种动物消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态进行了比较研究。结果显示：嗜银细胞在两种动物消化道各部分均有分布,但分布密度高峰不同：极北鲵消化道嗜银细胞在直肠部分布密度最高,胃体处最低;而东北小鲵在胃幽门部分布密度最高,在食管处最低。其形态和分布位置相似,嗜银细胞形态有圆形、椭圆形、锥体形和梭形等,分布于腺泡上皮细胞之间、上皮细胞之间和上皮细胞基部,也有少量位于固有膜内。嗜银细胞分布型的形成与动物的食性、生活环境以及消化道各部位生理功能有关。     

急性心肌缺血大鼠左心室流出道自发性慢反应电位去极离子流变化分析

目的探讨急性心肌缺血大鼠左室流出道自发性慢反应电位去极离子流的变化。方法常规玻璃微电极细胞内方法观测急性心肌缺血大鼠的离体心脏最大舒张电位(MDP)、0相除极幅度(APA)、0相最大除极速度(Vmax)、4相自动除极速度(VDD)、复极50%(APD50)和90%(APD90)的时间以及自发放电频率(RPF)。结果与给药前相比①1.2mmol.L-1河豚毒(TTX)使APA和Vmax有所减小(P<0.05),VDD和RPF明显减慢(P<0.01);②1.0μmol.L-1维拉帕米(VER)可使该慢电位的APA、Vmax、VDD明显减小,RPF减慢(P<0.01);APD、APD90延长(P<0.05);③2mmol.L-1 4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)使该慢电位的MDP的绝对值、APA、Vmax减小,VDD和RPF加快(P<0.01);④1.5mmol.L-1 CsCl作用6min时,VDD和RPF明显降低(P<0.05),10min时恢复。结论①左心室流出道的自发慢电位0相主要去极离子流除Ca2+内流外,还有少量Na+内流。②4相去极离子流中,除Ca2+、Na+的内流和Ik衰减外,If电流可能也起部分作用。     

双齿围沙蚕消化道共栖微生物菌群多样性的PCR-DGGE分析

将采自青岛市沿海潮间带的双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis(体质量为4～5 g)置于无菌海水中暂养24 h后,分别从5条双齿围沙蚕消化道中提取微生物基因组总DNA,应用细菌16S rDNA通用引物341f/534r进行细菌16S rDNA基因V3高变异区的PCR扩增,再将PCR产物进行变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE),从而获得样品消化道共栖微生物群落特征的DNA指纹图谱。通过对指纹图谱半定量分析发现,采集的双齿围沙蚕消化道共栖微生物菌群多样性丰富,优势条带明显,不同个体间既存在共同的微生物种属,也有各自特异的种属。其中存在一条共同的优势条带,但优势条带含量存在个体间差异。分别对DGGE指纹图谱中公共条带序列进行测序比对,结果表明,产丙酸菌属Propionigenium分别为5个样品中的优势菌群,假交替单胞菌属Pseudoalteromonas广泛分布于双齿围沙蚕消化道中。研究表明,基于16S rDNA的PCRDGGE图谱技术是分析双齿围沙蚕及其他海洋沉积食性无脊椎动物消化道微生物菌群结构较为有效的手段。     

人工养殖对虾肠道内可培养细菌数量及组成分析

为深入了解人工养殖条件下养殖对虾肠道内菌群结构和携带病毒情况,应用常规细菌分离、培养与纯化,细菌16S rD NA序列分析的方法分析了我国山东、江苏、韩国不同养殖场的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和中国明对虾(Fenneorpenaeus chinensis)肠道内可培养细菌的总数、优势菌组成和数量,并用巢式聚合酶链式反应(Nested polymerase chain reaction,Nested PCR)方法检测对虾携带病毒情况。结果显示各批次凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾样品肠道内的可培养细菌总数在105~109cfu/g之间,并对分离出的优势菌进行属(种)鉴定,结果表明这些优势菌分别属于乳球菌属(Lactococcus sp.)、弧菌属(Vibrio sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium sp.)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.)、微小杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.)。凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾均有样品检测为WSSV阳性,6批次WSSV阳性对虾样品中均检测到弧菌属细菌,占可培养细菌比例为33%~93.58%。2批次WSSV阳性对虾样品中检测到希瓦氏菌属细菌,占可培养细菌比例为21.67%~34.21%。4批次WSSV阳性对虾样品中检测到发光杆菌属细菌,占可培养细菌比例为21.03%~66.83%。