Synthesis of new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants from tall oil fatty acid

Two new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants — disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyliminodiacetate and disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyl-N,N-bis[3-(2-hydroxy) propylsulfonate] amine — were synthesized using tall oil fatty acids as the raw material. Suitable processing conditions for synthesizing the intermediates and final products were probed. In addition, the chemical structures of the intermediates and the final products were identified by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.     

Microemulsion-based palm kernel oil extraction using mixed surfactant solutions

This study introduces a novel technique using surfactant microemulsion-based oil seed extraction. To achieve this objective, microemulsion formation with palm kernel oil was studied first. Then, the selected microemulsion system was used for palm kernel extraction. The results showed that the mixed surfactant of 3 wt% Comperlan KD and either 0.1 wt% Alfoterra145-5PO or 145-8PO provided an ultralow interfacial tension with the palm kernel oil (0.0197 and 0.0359 mN/m, respectively). By using those two aqueous surfactant systems for palm kernel oil extraction, the extraction efficiency was 93.99 and 94.13% at the optimum crushed kernel size between 0.212 and 0.425 mm, using 1 g seed load to 10 ml of solution and 30 min of contact time. The extracted oil quality was evaluated for water content, fatty acids composition and surfactant partitioning into oil phase. The results showed that the quality of the oil obtained using the surfactant microemulsion-based technique is of similar or better quality than when extracted by hexane solvent.     

基于冠层多光谱数据预测水稻氮素营养状况

A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants： anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt （DBSS）, cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）, and nonionic nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether （TX-100）, as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） on cadmium solubility, sorption kinetics, and sorption-desorption behavior in purple soil. The results indicated that both individual application of the three types of surfactants and surfactants combined with EDTA could stimulate Cd extraction from the soil with a general effectiveness ranking of EDTA/TX-100 〉 EDTA/DBSS 〉 EDTA/CTAB 〉 EDTA 〉 TX-100 〉 DBSS 〉 CTAB. Further study showed that the compound application of surfactants and EDTA had stronger （P 〈 0.05） effects on Cd solubility than those added individually. The application of surfactants and EDTA to purple soil （P 〈 0.05） decreased the proportion of Cd sorbed, while their effectiveness ranking was similar to that of enhanced solubilization. The sorption kinetics of Cd in purple soil was best described by the double-constant equation, while the Freundlich equation gave an excellent fit to the sorption isotherm curves. Therefore, surfactant-enhanced remediation of Cd contaminated soil is feasible and further research should be conducted.     

疏水改性羧甲基纤维素及其在废纸脱墨中的应用

以DMAc为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂,十二酰氯为反应试剂,对羧甲基纤维素进行疏水改性,制备表面活性剂十二烷基酯化的羧甲基纤维素(CMC-R)。羧甲基纤维素与十二酰氯的质量比为1∶0.4,反应最佳温度为60℃,时间5 h。将合成的纤维素基表面活性剂CMC-R应用于旧新闻纸(ONP)脱墨,结果表明,单独使用CMC-R能提高废纸浆白度2.2%(ISO),纸浆的残余油墨量减少457.66 mm2/m2,减少了29.4%。而CMC-R与非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)复配后,白度较CMC-R单独使用提高2.13%(ISO),残余油墨量减少3.18%。     

表面活性剂对农药雾滴在甘蓝菜叶面上扩展面积和蒸发时间的影响研究

农药雾滴在作物叶面上的扩展面积和蒸发时间是影响农药施药效率的两个重要因素.选用不同种类及不同添加比例的表面活性剂对甘蓝菜叶子进行试验,采用连续拍摄雾滴扩展和蒸发全过程的方法,记录农药雾滴在甘蓝菜叶面上的扩展面积和蒸发时间的数据.试验证明,在农药药液中添加不同种类和不同比例的表面活性剂,会对农药雾滴在甘蓝菜叶面上的蒸发过程产生不同程度影响.要进一步地开展研究工作,针对特定叶面,筛选出最佳效果的表面活性剂,并寻找表面活性剂的最佳添加比例,为提高农药的施药效率提供依据.     

益气解毒法对胃癌术后辅助化疗患者生存质量的影响

目的 观察益气解毒法对胃癌术后辅助化疗患者生存质量的影响。方法 50例胃癌术后采用替吉奥和奥利沙铂（SOX方案）进行辅助化疗患者（观察组）,配以益气解毒法中医治疗2个化疗周期,观察化疗药物的毒副反应、Karnofsky评分和QLQ-30评分,并与50例胃癌术后单用SOX方案进行辅助化疗患者（对照组）进行比较。结果 毒副反应：在贫血、恶心呕吐、周围神经毒性、口腔黏膜损害和肝功能损害方面,观察组级别明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;Karnofsky评分：观察组Karnofsky评分优于对照组（P<0.05）;QLQ-30评分：对照组治疗前后疲乏无力、恶心呕吐和食欲减退的评分较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,观察组治疗后情绪功能和整体生活质量评分较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,其余各项目治疗前后评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 益气解毒法可减轻胃癌术后辅助化疗毒副反应,提高患者生存质量。     

THE SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SOLID PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL CATS

The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal cats was determined using a scintigraphic technique. ^99mTc-sulfur colloid was applied to dry food. Sequential images were acquired post prandial, and the gastric emptying half-time was determined for several different acquisition and processing parameters. Good correlation was found between different acquisition and processing methods, some of which made use of edge detection applications, while others used different views, or number of views from which the gastric emptying half-time was calculated. The mean ± standard deviation, (range) and median of the gastric emptying half-time determined using the geometric mean of total counts in hand-drawn regions of interest from the lateral and ventral images were 2.47 × 0.71, (1.42–3.61) and 2.37 hours respectably.     

Improvement of the emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins with a low-molecular weight surfactant by the two-step emulsification method

The emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) with or without low-molecular weight surfactants were examined. The emulsifying activity (EA) of SP was weaker than that of sodium caseinate (CA), blood plasma (BP) and whey protein isolates at a protein concentration of 0.5–3%. Sodium chloride decreased the EA of SP. The EA of SP was about one quarter that of CA in the presence of 3% sodium chloride. As homogenization time increased, the EAs of SP and BP decreased. The EA of SP was not influenced by sucrose stearate ester (SE) with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 16 (SE-16) but was decreased by those with HLB values of 5 and 1. Low-molecular weight surfactants such as SE-16, Tween 80 and sodium cholate improved the EA of SP with the two-step emulsification method: corn oil was previously emulsified with the surfactant before addition of SP and homogenization. In the case of the addition of SE-16 as primary emulsifier, the EA was about twice as high as that of SP alone. The same effect was shown in the emulsions formed by CA and soy protein isolate. These results indicate that the emulsifying properties of meat protein would be improved by the addition of a low-molecular weight surfactant in a two-step emulsification.     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对胃癌SGC7901细胞SphK1表达的影响

SphK1 mRNA水平采用半定量RT-PCR检测;SphK1蛋白表达水平采用Western blot测定.研究双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸(LTA)对胃癌SGC7901细胞内鞘氨醇激酶1(SphK1)基因和蛋白表达的影响.结果表明,经200、500 μg· mL-1 LTA处理72 h后,SGC7901细胞内SphK1 mRNA...