毛白杨叶绿体基因启动子和终止子的克隆及其功能鉴定

摘 要：从毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)无性系植株组培苗中提取基因组总DNA，通过合成3对特异性引物，用PCR的方法扩增了包含psbA基因启动子、终止子和16S rRNA基因启动子的叶绿体DNA序列。用BLAST及DNAMAN对克隆序列进行了分析，并结合前人的研究工作，确定了两个启动子Prrn、PpsbA的-35区、-10区以及翻译调控序列等重要调控序列元件和终止子的“TAA”序列。并在序列分析的基础上合成新的引物，准确克隆了毛白杨的叶绿体16S rRNA基因启动子Prrn、psbA基因启动子PpsbA及其终止子TpsbA。利用叶绿体基因启动子的原核表达特性，分别用启动子Prrn（其后添加rbcL基因的RBS序列）和PpsbA及终止子TpsbA分别构建了GFP基因的原核表达载体pSGmT、pPGmT，并以T7启动子为对照构建了GFP基因的原核表达载体pETGm，进行了初步的原核表达实验，检测结果表明：克隆到的叶绿体基因启动子和终止子是有生物学功能的，在大肠杆菌BL21中呈组成型表达，同时还证明了RBS序列在基因表达中的重要性。     

链霉菌(Streptomyces ST66)MalQ基因克隆与原核融合表达

利用PCR方法获得Streptomyces ST66 MalQ基因,将该基因插入原核表达载体pTrc-CKS中,对质粒所含外源片段双向测序,并经BLAST比较分析,发现其与GenBank中报道的Streptomyces coelicolor MalQ基因的同源性高达97%。重组质粒pTrc-MalQ转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Top10F',经IPTG诱导后以融合蛋白形式表达,SDS-PAGE电泳显示MalQ基因与CKS(CTP:CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase or CMP-KDO synthetase)基因表达的融合蛋白在目标位置约106kD处有明显条带。经薄层层析分析粗酶液处理的麦芽三糖溶液,证实粗酶液具有麦芽糖转糖基活性。     

猪乳铁蛋白N-叶基因PLF-N在大肠杆菌中的克隆、表达及特性分析

从泌乳15d的约克夏母猪乳腺组织中提取总RNA，用RT-PCR技术扩增PLF-N基因，获得1条1038bp的目的片段。将目的基因克隆到质粒载体pET-28a（＋）中，并转化大肠杆菌（Eschetichia coli）感受态细胞BL21（DE3），经IPTG诱导后进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析。结果表明，PLF-N基因在大肠杆菌BL2l中表达，表达产物分子量约为42kD。     

猪链球菌2型纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白 全基因的克隆及融合表达

采用发表的引物对,以猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis type 2）江苏分离株HA9801的基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白基因fbps（GenBank登录号为AY565303）克隆于pMD-T18载体构建成载体pMD-T-fbps.经内切酶酶切和测序鉴定后,将由pMD-T-fbps内切酶切下的片段定向克隆于表达载体pET-32a（＋）,得到重组质粒pfbps.将重组质粒pfbps转化大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21株,经IPTG诱导,可高水平地表达相对分子量为83 kD的融合蛋白.配体印迹结合试验表明,表达的融合蛋白可与人纤连蛋白结合.     

Molecular Aspect of Al Tolerance in Crop Plants: Novel Al-Activated Malate Transporter Gene in Wheat Roots

Aluminum (Al) is a major element in the soil; 30–40% of arable land is acidic. Solubilized Al ion in acid soils inhibits root elongation. Intensive research on the Al tolerance mechanism has been conducted in the past few decades. Mechanism of Al tolerance can be classified into Al exclusion mechanism and intracellular tolerance mechanism. Efflux of organic acids from roots upon receiving the Al signal is the major Al exclusion mechanism. Efflux of organic acids through the channel in the plasma membrane was confirmed, and the gene specifically encoding malate transporter in Al-tolerant wheat was discovered recently. The regulatory mechanism in the efflux of organic acids upon protein phosphorylation may be operative. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their scavenging system are thought to be important in the intracellular tolerance mechanism.     

水稻早衰突变体els-R7954的遗传分析和初步定位

为了深入研究水稻早衰机理,找到有效消除和延缓植株早衰的方法,本研究通过350Gy60Co-γ射线辐照水稻浙恢7954干种子,获得1份特异性水稻早衰突变体。观察该突变体生物学性状,发现苗期生长正常,分蘖末期叶片出现早衰现象,灌浆期整个植株枯黄,早衰现象非常明显,将其暂名为elsR7954(early leaf senescence)。遗传分析和基因定位发现,els-R7954受单隐性核基因控制,位于第2染色体SSR标记RM530和RM3774之间,距RM530约5.0c M。为进一步克隆该基因,丰富叶片早衰的分子机制奠定了一定基础,也为研究水稻早衰,最终提高产量和品质提供可能。     

Assessing genetic diversity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars from tropical America using AFLP

The sweet potato genebank at the International Potato Center (CIP) maintains 5,526 cultivated I. batatas accessions from 57 countries. Knowledge of the genetic structure in this collection is essential for rational germplasm conservation and utilization. Sixty-nine sweet potato cultivars from 4 geographical regions (including 13 countries) of Latin America were randomly sampled and fingerprinted using AFLP markers. A total of 210 polymorphic and clearly scorable fragments were generated. A geographic pattern of diversity distribution was revealed by mean similarity, multidimensional scaling (MDS), and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The highest genetic diversity was found in Central America, whereas the lowest was in Peru-Ecuador. The within-region variation was the major source of molecular variance. The between-regions variation, although it only explains 10.0% of the total diversity, is statistically significant. Cultivars from Peru-Ecuador, with the lowest level of within region diversity, made the most significant contribution to the between region differentiation. These results support the hypothesis that Central America is the primary center of diversity and most likely the center of origin of sweet potato. Peru-Ecuador should be considered as a secondary center of sweet potato diversity.     

T4-type bacteriophage communities estimated from the major capsid genes (g23) in manganese nodules in Japanese paddy fields

The present study compared the capsid gene ( g23 ) of T4-type bacteriophages (phages) in Mn nodules with those in the plow layer soil and subsoils of two Japanese paddy fields by applying the primers MZIA1bis and MZIA6 to DNA extracts from the nodules and soils. The deduced amino acid sequences of the g23 genes in the Mn nodules were similar to those in the plow layer soil and in the subsoils. This result indicated that similar T4-type phage communities developed at these sites and that the diversity of T4-type phage communities was wide enough to cover those in the plow layer soil and in the subsoils. The majority of g23 clones formed several clusters with the clones and phages obtained from far-apart paddy fields, and the sequences of two clones were completely identical to a phage and a clone from other paddy fields at the nucleotide or amino acid level, indicating horizontal transfer of g23 genes between those paddy fields. A clone with a long nucleotide residue (686 bp) and a distribution remote from the other clones in the phylogenetic tree indicated that there were many uncharacterized, novel g23 genes in the paddy fields.     

杂交稻对白叶枯病菌主基因抗性的配合力分析

以８种不同胞质类型的不育系及其保持系与９个恢复系配制的７２个不育系杂种及保持系杂种为材料,研究了杂交稻对白叶枯病菌主基因抗性的配合力。结果表明,杂交稻的抗性以主基因抗性为主,但同时也受双亲中与抗性有关的其他加性、显性及上位性基因效应的影响。说明杂交稻的抗性强弱取决于双亲抗性基因互补和累加程度高低。     

甘蓝型油菜Pol CMS育性恢复基因的RAPD标记

采用恢、 保回交群体和集团分离分析(BSA), 筛选了860个10 mer随机引物, 找到了与甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系(Pol cms)育性恢复基因(Rf)连锁的两个RAPD标记AH19690和AI16830。 它们位于Rf的一侧,与该基因的遗传图距分别为5.9 cM和13.6 cM,两标记间的遗传图距为7.8 cM。这两个RAPD标记的发掘,为进一步利用分子标记