不同育苗基质对黄瓜生长及丛枝菌根真菌侵染的影响

为探讨丛枝菌根真菌在蔬菜育苗上应用的可能性,以黄瓜为供试作物进行适用育苗基质的筛选,研究其对菌根真菌侵染和作物苗期生长的影响。试验以Glomus etunicatum、Glomus intraradics、Glomu mosseae为供试菌根真菌,采用4种基质配方：分别是陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石（4:3:3）、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭=9:1、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+保水剂（9:1）、蛭石+保水剂（1:1）。结果表明：接种3种菌剂后,蛭石+保水剂处理侵染率显著最低在10%以下,其余3种基质处理侵染率均高于22.61%,尤其是接种G.intraradics后黄瓜幼苗根系侵染率最低为87%。黄瓜幼苗在(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭处理中壮苗指数显著高于其余3种基质处理;(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭既获得了较高的丛枝菌根真菌侵染率又提高了幼苗壮苗指数,为菌根化苗培育的理想基质。     

Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat

Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (Felix 3B, Clement B and Betuwe 85C) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.     

First report on the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi from Latvia

During 2017, Dutch elm disease was investigated on 67 Ulmus glabra and 29 Ulmus laevis samples from 28 sites in Latvia. The presence of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi was detected in 61.2% of the samples from U. glabra and in 34.5% of the samples from U. laevis. In 11% of cases, hybrids between subsp. novo‐ulmi and subsp. americana were identified, particularly in the sites in the southern part of Latvia. This study presents the first verified record of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and its subspecies in Latvia.     

Infection dynamics of Neoheterobothrium hirame (Monogenea) on juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel), in coastal waters of Japan

A recent epidemic of the invasive monogenean Neoheterobothrium hirame is suspected to have caused the significant decline of the commercial catch of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, in Japan. To clarify the causal link between parasite invasion and host depletion, we monitored the infections of N. hirame on juvenile flounder for 2 years at two widely separate bays, Obama Bay, experiencing a devastating reduction in flounder catches, and Miyako Bay with a stable catch. Prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of developmental stages of N. hirame were compared between the bays and between fish year classes. Fishes captured at Obama Bay harboured three times more worms than those at Miyako Bay and had a significantly higher overall prevalence of infection. In addition, there was a negative correlation between parasite intensity and host condition factor at Obama Bay, suggesting a causal link between the N. hirame epidemic and the reduction of local flounder populations.     

奇台窖藏马铃薯病害病原鉴定

【目的】研究引起新疆奇台窖藏马铃薯发生病害的病原种类,为新疆马铃薯窖藏病害的科学防治提供依据。【方法】2019年3月采集新疆奇台农场3个大窖病薯(大西洋品种)块茎。采用组织分离法、结合显微形态观察和柯赫氏法则、结合16S rDNA、ITS等鉴定方法,分离得到马铃薯窖藏病害的病原菌。【结果】从病薯中总计分离出12株菌株,其中致病菌有致病性尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、虱状赤霉(Gibberella pulicaris)、白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)。【结论】 致病性尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和虱状赤霉(Gibberella pulicaris)的致病性较强;由白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)引起的马铃薯病害在国内为首次报道。     

山西省苹果绵蚜发生趋势与防控策略

通过对山西省苹果绵蚜的为害对象、发生趋势、形态特征、发生规律及为害状的调查研究,提出了防控苹果绵蚜的策略和防治方法,为今后进一步防治苹果绵蚜奠定了基础。     

规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染混合细菌研究

规模化猪场爆发急性高热病,采集死猪肺脏病料和血清5份用RT-PCR方法进行PRRSVNSP2基因扩增,3份为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征阳性,编号为scwhn01,scwhn02和scwhn03.对scwhn01 NSP2基因进行克隆和序列测定分析,有30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,与VR2332,JXA1,BJ-4,HuN4,CH-1a,HB-1(sh)2002和HB-2(sh)2002的NSP2的同源率在74.2%~91.0%之间,并从病料中分离到2株细菌,编号分别为SNC0901和SNC0902,均使被攻毒小鼠死亡.16S rDNA测序并在Genbank中blast鉴定为副猪嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌.对所分离的细菌进行17种抗生素药敏实验,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻吩等敏感;对克林霉素、阿莫西林/棒酸等中度敏感;对荷兰、林可霉素、丁胺卡那霉素和土霉素等耐药.表明该猪场因高致病性蓝耳病病毒混合感染副猪嗜血杆菌、大肠杆菌导致猪大量死亡.     

松墨天牛幼虫真菌病侵染途径研究

为了探讨生物防治方法控制松材线虫病的发生和发展,开展了松材线虫病死木昆虫区系调查及虫种鉴定,进行了白僵菌孢子萌发试验和人工侵染试验。结果表明,在松材线虫病死木中,松纵坑切小蠹、马尾松梢小蠹、松瘤小蠹、额毛小蠹、松墨天牛为优势种。所用白僵菌株的孢子萌发率和萌发时间之间存在显著相关,相关系数均达0.9以上。中山陵地区的几种主要小蠹均能被白僵菌所感染,即均具有携带白僵菌孢子的能力。由此推测,松墨天牛幼虫感染白僵菌的途径很可能是:某种小蠹虫先感染白僵菌,然后该小蠹虫经过二次侵染,将白僵菌孢子转移给松墨天牛幼虫,从而导致松墨天牛幼虫感病。     

额尔齐斯河凶猛鱼类复口吸虫流行病学调查

按照鱼类寄生虫调查方法对额尔齐斯河（新疆段）4种常见凶猛性鱼类复口吸虫（Dipolostmum sp）的流行病学情况进行了调查。结果显示,复口吸虫感染率及感染强度为：白斑狗鱼为25％,1．3;梭鲈为30％,13．7;河鲈为50％,16．2;江鳕为83％,8．3。     

基于富集微流控芯片的稻曲病菌孢子光电检测方法

针对当前水稻真菌病害发病时间短、传播速度快,缺乏有效早期预警技术的难点,提出一种基于微流控芯片的空气流中水稻真菌病害光电检测方法。该文根据微尺度下孢子富集动力学特征设计了病害孢子高效富集微流控芯片,并结合光电检测系统进行病害孢子的检测。试验根据空气动力学原理以及孢子富集量的大小对微流控芯片通道尺寸进行设置。根据光检测原理和不同浓度孢子在富集区形成的光衰减特性,筛选具有高灵敏度特性的检测光强。在以检测光谱的灵敏度性能为目标并综合考虑线性度的基础上,优选检测波长。以水稻稻曲病菌孢子为检测对象,进行了自动化微流控富集和光电检测试验。试验结果表明:在光源光强1.1×104 cd,波长为650 nm时,利用所述检测方法针对水稻稻曲病菌孢子检测结果(相比与镜检值)误差小于17.5%,根据检测结果建立相关系数为0.992 9的检测模型,具有较好的线性度及可靠性。研究结果为便携式作物病害检测装备的研发提供理论基础。