鲤鱼基因组同源框Hoxa3a序列同源性分析与分子进化研究

本文利用生物信息学软件分析了鲤（Cyprinus carpio）基因组中同源框基因Hoxa3a与多种鱼类及其它生物的同源性,构建了分子进化树。结果表明：鲤与斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的序列同源性最高为95%,与大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）等四种鱼类的同源性次之为84%,与米氏叶吻银鲛（Callorhinch...     

CYP2J3样基因在不同生长速率凡纳滨对虾中的差异表达

为了获得对虾生长差异的分子机制,通过比较不同生长速率凡纳滨对虾的转录组(速长组和慢长组),获得了一条编码P450的差异表达基因,经过cDNA全长验证后命名为LvCYP2J3-like,其开放阅读框为1 488 bp,编码495个aa,含有一个完整的P450功能域,功能分析表明,该基因可能参与了蜕皮激素的灭活。方差分析表明,LvCYP2J3-like在不同组织、发育阶段和蜕皮周期的表达量都存在显著性差异,并且速长群体的表达量显著性低于慢长群体。表明该基因参与了发育和蜕皮过程,其表达量与环境胁迫关系密切。在LvCYP2J3-like和其预测转录因子基因中分别发现了4和11个速长组和慢长组等位基因频率显著差异的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记,说明这些基因遗传差异与其活性和表达量相关,从而影响生长速率。研究结果为凡纳滨对虾遗传和育种研究提供了参考资料。     

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.     

直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度的有限元分析

针对采用传统经验公式分析计算齿轮泵齿轮接触强度存在计算过程相当复杂、繁琐,误差较大的问题.在分析齿轮受力情况基础上,采用有限元法对直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度进行计算,并与经验公式计算的接触强度进行比较分析.结果表明,两种方法计算结果基本吻合,证实了采用有限元法分析计算的可行性与优越性,为直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮的设计、选材提供了一种新的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

Reproductive season and female maturity size of coconut crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Birgus latro</Emphasis> on Hatoma Island,southern Japan

Information about reproductive season, size at sexual maturity and size-dependent reproductive potentials is important for efficient resource management. Such information is necessary to determine seasonal closures and minimum legal size limits. To conserve resources of coconut crab Birgus latro, which are in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation, their reproductive season, female size at functional maturity and relationship between female size and reproductive potentials were investigated. The reproductive season started in early June and ended late August, and females with higher reproductive potentials showed a tendency to spawn early in the reproductive season. The prohibition of exploiting the resources during the reproductive season, especially early in the season, would be appropriate for sustainability of high reproductive outputs. Fifty percent of investigated females matured functionally at 24.5-mm thoracic length (TL). However, the size at which all females reached functional maturity was 32.3 mm TL, and there was a wide variation in the size of functional maturity among individuals. We must determine minimum legal size by taking the variation into account to allow all individuals to mate at least once before they are caught, which may prevent serious depression in reproductive rate and genetic diversity.     

玉米大斑病抗性基因SNP基因芯片分析

利用SNP基因芯片(56 110个SNP)对3对玉米大斑病Ht3近等基因系进行检测分析。借助生物信息学和比较基因组学方法,确定了29个相关数量抗性候选基因,均分布于2、3、7、9号染色体;14个候选基因与各类酶活性、能源合成、金属离子、DNA合成修饰、抗逆等功能相关。其中,GRMZM2G058197位于7号染色体bin7.04区域166087520-166091392,与玉米大斑病质量抗性基因Ht3基因位置相吻合。     

‘云香’水仙NtNAC1基因的克隆及功能分析

本研究利用RT-PCR技术从‘云香’水仙的根中克隆得到了NtNAC1基因,并通过qRT-PCR技术分析了该基因的时空表达模式以及在逆境和逆境相关激素处理下的表达变化,结合分析过表达该基因的转基因烟草植株的表现等解析了该基因的功能。结果显示:NtNAC1基因全长1083 bp,其ORF为918 bp,编码306个氨基酸,N端含有NAM保守结构域,聚分在SNAC1亚组,与香蕉MusaSNAC1、小麦TaNAC47亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量分析显示,NtNAC1的表达水平随花器官花瓣和副冠的发育呈先上升后下降趋势,始花期达到峰值;NtNAC1在根和叶中高表达,受ABA、MeJA、SA、H_2O_2、NaCl、PEG诱导上调,推测该基因可能参与‘云香’水仙花器官的形态建成及响应非生物胁迫。进一步构建表达载体转化烟草,获得9株转基因植株。在高盐和干旱胁迫处理下,转基因植株根系发达、长势更好、存活率高,表明水仙NtNAC1过表达能提高烟草对高盐、干旱的耐受性,在抗逆中起正向调控作用,可作为提高水仙抗性的优良遗传基因资源。     

基于SNP标记的小麦高通量身份鉴定模式

为探索小麦品种高通量SNP身份鉴定模式,利用 wheat 90K SNP芯片对380份小麦品种进行了全基因组扫描、分析和评价,从中筛选出高质量、高分辨率、单拷贝和均匀分布的候选SNP标记384个,能将除近等基因系以外的所有品种区分开;基于组合最优化算法,获得小麦品种高通量鉴定最少SNP位点组合一套,包含14个SNP标记,区分能力与384个SNP标记相同。将14个SNP位点转化成KASP标记,分析选取的95份样品,结果显示,芯片平台和KASP平台上的基因分型结果一致。考虑品种实际鉴定过程中存在样本量大、高度近似品种少等情况,权衡准确、经济、灵活、快速、通量高等检测需求,建议品种高通量身份鉴定可采取“核心位点+扩展位点”的模式进行。本研究为小麦等农作物品种SNP高通量身份鉴定技术体系的建立和指纹数据库的构建提供了有利的参考。     

利用小麦660K SNP芯片分析川麦44在其衍生后代中的遗传贡献

为明确小麦骨干亲本川麦44的遗传特性,利用小麦660K SNP芯片对川麦44及其衍生品种进行解析。结果表明,川麦44在6个衍生品种中的遗传贡献率为23.77%～72.63%,平均为48.58%,衍生品种存在遗传偏亲现象。川麦44特异性标记在不同染色体和染色体组中分布不均匀,衍生品种中特异性标记数具有B染色体组A染色体组D染色体组的共同特征。在除1B和6A外的染色体上,共筛选出52个川麦44高遗传率片段,片段长度为0.10～76.20 Mb,其中5B上的片段数量最多,累计长度最大。本研究结果为进一步明确骨干亲本川麦44的重要基因组区段及其功能奠定了基础。