Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.     

ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性分析

试验旨在探究鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶（adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL）基因启动子区多态性及其与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性。以161只青脚麻鸡为研究对象,通过DNA混池测序法检测ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异。采用等位基因特异性PCR完成个体基因型分析,并分析了各基因型与鸡胸肌肉色、体重及胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值和pH的相关性。结果显示,在ADSL基因启动子区ATG上游1 670 bp处发现1个SNP位点（c.-1670 C>A）,其AA基因型个体肌肉冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值（23.61%）极显著低于CA（33.00%）和CC（33.56%）基因型（P<0.01）,即冻藏60 d后AA基因型个体肌肉较CA和CC基因型新鲜,CA和CC基因型间新鲜度K值差异不显著（P>0.05）;各基因型间鸡体重、胸肌肉色及胸肌冷冻60 d后pH均无显著差异（P>0.05）。生物信息学预测发现,c.-1670 C>A导致ADSL基因启动子区转录因子结合位点的显著改变,该突变位点可能造成ADSL基因的表达差异。综上,ADSL基因启动子区c.-1670 C>A与青脚麻鸡胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值具有显著相关性,该位点可作为青脚麻鸡肉品新鲜度的候选分子遗传标记。     

利用猪1.4M高密度SNP芯片检测巴马香猪全基因组拷贝数变异

旨在检测巴马香猪基因组上的拷贝数变异（CNV）,并探究标记密度对于CNV检测效率和准确率的影响。本研究利用319头巴马香猪（其中阉公猪160头和母猪159头）1.4M高密度SNP芯片的数据,采用PennCNV和R-Gada两种软件进行CNVs检测;然后通过重叠CNV融合法,构建拷贝数变异区域（CNVR）,并用全基因组关联分析（GWAS）对频率大于5%的CNVR进行验证;最后根据不同的标记密度,均匀抽取一定数目的SNPs来探究标记密度对CNV检测效率和准确性的影响。结果,PennCNV和R-Gada软件分别检测到6 327和3 489个CNVs,分别构成795和340个CNVRs,其中226个为共同CNVRs。在这226个共同CNVRs中,最短的为3.98 kb,最长的为1 297.78 kb,总长度为33.27 Mb,其中102个（45%）与前人报道的CNVRs重叠。在PennCNV检出的795个CNVRs中,有135个频率大于5%,其中20个得到GWAS验证,验证率为15%。随着SNP密度的逐渐增加,CNV的检测效率和检测准确性不断提高,尤其是小片段CNVs的检测效率。本研究利用1.4M SNP芯片的数据,通过PennCNV和R-Gada软件绘制巴马香猪CNVR的草图,为将来鉴别与重要经济性状相关的CNVRs奠定了基础。同时,揭示了标记密度对CNV检测效率和准确性有正面影响,为后续CNV研究选择合适的标记密度提供了一定的参考。     

双歧杆菌对功能性便秘影响的研究进展

功能性便秘是一种临床上比较常见的消化系统疾病,可引发一系列疾病,因此对该疾病的预防和治疗具有重要意义。双歧杆菌是肠道固有菌群之一,其对缓解功能性便秘有明显效果。本文从肠道菌群与功能性便秘的关系、双歧杆菌缓解便秘的机制以及双歧杆菌不同菌株缓解功能性便秘的效果等方面对双歧杆菌缓解功能性便秘的国内外研究进展进行综述,以期为双歧杆菌功能性菌株的深度开发及其用于缓解便秘机制的深入研究提供思路。     

Association of bovine KISS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with reproductive traits in Indian Cattle

Kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene, have emerged as crucial regulator of fertility and reproduction by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the KISS1 gene with reproductive traits in cattle of Indian origin. DNA samples collected from 300 individual cows of three Indian dairy breeds (Gir, Kankrej and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified with PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis using two sets of primer pairs. A total of 5 SNPs were identified in the targeted region of which, two were selected for screening the population and association studies. The analysis revealed that genotypes of rs442633552G>A and rs42022871C>T had a significant association with dry period. The SNP rs42022871C>T also established significant role in milk production traits, and selection of TT-genotyped animals will improve the reproduction and production potential of the animals.     

基于Biolog技术的外来种意大利苍耳与本地种苍耳根际土壤微生物功能多样性的比较

通过盆栽试验,采用Biolog技术对比研究了外来入侵植物意大利苍耳与本地植物苍耳根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性及对土壤碳源利用的差异,以未种植任何植物土壤为空白对照。结果表明,入侵植物意大利苍耳的土壤微生物群落功能多样性显著高于本地植物苍耳的土壤微生物群落功能多样性。意大利苍耳显著提高了根际土壤微生物31种碳源的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)(72 h, P<0.05),AWCD变化规律如下:意大利苍耳>苍耳>CK(对照);意大利苍耳的Shannon多样性指数(H)、优势度指数(D)和丰富度指数(S)均显著高于苍耳和空白对照,与苍耳相比,意大利苍耳的H,D,S分别增加了3.13%,0.77%和21.67%,与CK相比,意大利苍耳的H,D,S分别增加了4.59%,0.89%和35.18%,CK最低;碳代谢指纹图谱分析表明意大利苍耳和苍耳的碳源利用存在显著差异,意大利苍耳显著提高了根际微生物对胺类、酚酸类、氨基酸类和糖类等碳源的利用;主成分分析(PCA)表明,两种植物根际土壤微生物碳源利用特征出现分异,意大利苍耳集中在第一主成分,得分系数3.3103,苍耳主要分布在第二主成分,得分系数-1.9616;糖类物质、羧酸类化合物、多聚物和氨基酸类是根际微生物利用的主要碳源。改变入侵地土壤微生物群落的结构与功能,提高根际土壤微生物的代谢活性,形成对自身有益的土壤微生态环境可能是意大利苍耳成功入侵的原因之一。     

梅花鹿成纤维细胞因子受体2基因多态性及其与茸重性状的关联分析

【目的】探索梅花鹿成纤维细胞因子受体2(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,FGFR2)基因多态性及其对茸重性状的影响。【方法】应用直接测序法对梅花鹿FGFR2基因的全部外显子进行测序分析,通过MassARRAY^® SNP分型技术对314头24月龄梅花鹿进行基因分型和单倍型分析,分析FGFR2基因不同基因型和单倍型与茸重的关联性。【结果】在梅花鹿FGFR2基因中共发现12个多态性位点,其中5个位于外显子区域,且突变均未引起氨基酸改变,属于同义突变,其余7个位点均存在于内含子区域。分型结果显示,g.80975864 T>G位点未分型成功,后续对其余11个位点进行了分析,g.80943673 T>C、g.80943683 C>A及g.80938352 C>T 3个位点属于中度多态位点(0.25＜P＜0.5),其余位点均属于低度多态位点(P＜0.25)。χ²检验结果表明,g.80998742 G>A和g.80987708 G>A 2个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＜0.05),其他9个位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＞0.05)。关联分析结果表明,11个多态性位点各基因型之间的茸重差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。单倍型结果显示,FGFR2基因存在5种单倍型,不同单倍型间梅花鹿茸重差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。【结论】FGFR2基因的11个突变位点可能不是影响梅花鹿茸重性状的关键位点。     

The T allele at the g.1471620G>T in the EDG1 gene associated with high marbling in Japanese Black cattle is at a low frequency in breeds not selected for marbling

Our previous study detected a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.1471620G > T , in the 5' flanking region of the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 ( EDG1 ) gene, which has been considered as a positional functional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling, and showed association of the g.1471620G > T SNP with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle. In the present study, we investigated the allele frequency distribution of the g.1471620G > T SNP among the 5 cattle breeds, Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Short Horn, Holstein, and Brown Swiss breeds. The T allele at the g.1471620G > T SNP associated with high marbling was found at high frequency in Japanese Black breed that has been subjected to a strong selection for high marbling, while the allele was absent or at very low frequencies in the other breeds that have not been strongly selected for high marbling. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that the pressure of the strong selection for high marbling in Japanese Black breed has increased the frequency of the T allele at the g.1471620G > T SNP in the EDG1 .     

加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响

为了解加工条件对再制干酪功能特性的影响,用不同加热温度(80 ℃、95℃)、剪切速度(600 r/min、1200 r/min)和冷却方法(冰水冷却、自然冷却)制作了4种再制干酪样品,并分别测定了样品的融化功能特性(融化性)和非融化功能特性(硬度、凝聚性、粘着性).结果表明,加热温度、搅拌速度的提高和冷却速度的降低明显降低了再制千酪的融化性(P＜0.05);剪切速度的升高使再制干酪的硬度显著提高(P＜0.05);加热温度的升高降低了再制干酪的凝聚性(P＜0.05);而加工条件对再制干酪粘着性的影响在统计学上无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

草原红牛CAPN1基因第5外显子多态性与肉质性状的相关研究

本研究以草原红牛为研究对象,对CAPN1基因的第5外显子进行SNP分析,发现第5外显子存在A3717G突变,同时与肉质性状进行相关分析发现其与pH及嫩度相关。这将为系统的研究草原红牛以及其他肉牛品种的肉质特性提供分子生物学依据。