Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.     

酵母铬对围产后期奶牛抗氧化能力的影响

选用20头胎次相近和分娩期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,对照组为基础日粮,3个处理组在基础日粮中分别添加3．0、6．0和9．0g／a的酵母铬。试验期为2周,从分娩当天持续到产后14d。结果表明,（1）与对照组相比,添加酵母铬可以提高血清中总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSHPx）的活力（P〈0．01）,降低丙二醛的浓度;（2）酵母铬降低了皮质醇含量,提高了胰岛素活性。本试验条件下,发现基础日粮添加9．0g／d的酵母铬,使铬添加水平为0．8mgCr／kg时,效果较好。为研究在日粮中添加不同水平的酵母铬对围产后期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响提供依据。     

动物多功能通道装置设计制作与应用

针对动物在饲养过程中,对大型猛兽难以达到安全有效控制的特点,研制了一套实用型动物多功能通道装置,将其固定安装在动物笼舍出入口,让动物习惯性出入,必要时关闭两端栅门,调整压缩装置,对动物实施安全有效控制。本装置结构简单,使用方便,安全性好,各零部件由组合螺丝连接,可重复拆卸和安装,对大型猛兽体重测量、检查检疫、疾病诊治、串笼运输具有实用可靠的作用。本装置已获国家实用型发明专利,专利号：CN201220474789．0。     

党参多糖口服液对小白鼠免疫功能的影响

给小鼠灌服不同剂量（每kg体重灌服9、5、7 g生药）的党参多糖口服液后,通过测定小鼠免疫脏器指数、网状内皮系统吞噬功能、半数溶血值等指标的变化评价其对免疫系统的作用。结果显示,党参多糖口服液可显著增强小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,提高成年小鼠脾脏指数（P<0.05）,能显著增强小鼠半数溶血值,提高小鼠的血清溶血素抗体生成水平（P<0.05）,说明党参多糖口服液有显著的免疫调节能力。该试验可为党参多糖口服液的临床应用提供参考。     

云南热带作物职业学院校园植物数据库构建

介绍云南热带作物职业学院校园植物数据库构建、意义与功能。     

Impacts of intensification of pastoral agriculture on soils: Current and emerging challenges and implications for future land uses

Abstract

AIM: To find evidence for localisation in the uterus, and fetal infection, of Leptospira spp. in farmed deer in the lower North Island of New Zealand during and shortly after the breeding season.

METHODS: Between February and July 2008, 116 blood samples, 120 kidneys, 120 uteri and 27 fetuses were collected from 120 mixed-age hinds from lines from nine farms, at a deer slaughter premises. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis and Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For both serovars, a titre of >1:48 was considered positive. Samples from kidneys, uteri and fetal tissue were subjected to bacterial culture, using Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium, and real-time PCR, using DNA gyrase subunit B gene primers.

RESULTS: Thirty-four of 116 (29.3%) serum samples were positive for serovar Hardjo-bovis, and 13 (11.2%) for serovar Pomona. Seven of 120 kidneys were positive for serovar Hardjo-bovis by culture, and five of these, but no others, were positive by real-time PCR. Of 120 uteri, none was culture- or PCR-positive. None of 27 fetal samples was culture-positive but one was positive by real-time PCR. The dam of the PCR-positive fetus was culture-negative from the kidney, but had an MAT titre of 1:192 for Hardjo-bovis.

CONCLUSIONS: Attempts to isolate Leptospira spp. from the genital tracts and early fetuses of farmed deer were unsuccessful. However, molecular evidence suggested fetal infection in one case. This finding justifies further study of the role of leptospires in the genital tract and fetus and its association with reproductive loss in farmed deer.     

Two‐dimensional speckle tracking for quantification of left ventricular circumferential and radial wall motion in horses

Reasons for performing study: The use of two‐dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) for quantification of left ventricular (LV) function has recently been described in horses using long‐axis images and short‐axis images at chordal but not at papillary muscle level. Objectives: To compare the feasibility and reliability of 2DST for quantification of circumferential and radial LV function in short‐axis images at papillary muscle and chordal level. Methods: Repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed on 10 healthy trotter horses by 2 observers from a right parasternal short‐axis view at papillary muscle and chordal level. Segmental and averaged peak values and timing of circumferential and radial strain and strain rate, radial displacement and rotation were measured in 6 LV wall segments in each imaging plane. Global peak values were calculated for circumferential strain and strain rate. The inter‐ and intraobserver within‐ and between‐day variability was assessed by calculating coefficients of variation for repeated measurements. Results: 2DST analysis was feasible in each cardiac cycle, although tracking was often inadequate during early diastole. Measurements of averaged systolic circumferential and radial strain and strain rate and radial displacement as well as global circumferential strain and strain rate could be determined with low variability. Early and late diastolic strain rate and systolic rotation showed a moderate variability. Radial segmental measurements were more reliable than circumferential measurements. The interventricular septum showed a higher circumferential and lower radial strain compared with the LV free wall. Peak timing was earlier at papillary muscle compared with chordal level. Conclusions: 2DST measurements of global and regional circumferential and radial LV wall motion are feasible both at papillary muscle and chordal level. Potential relevance: Several measurements had good reliability and should be used for evaluation of the technique in a clinical setting.     

繁昌县城市森林建设浅析

指出了由城镇化的发展带来的环境压力,使得建设城市森林势在必行,进而分析了城市森林的碳汇功能和低碳排放,以城市森林的内涵指出其建设中实现三个转变:从注重视觉效果向视觉与生态功能兼顾的转变;从注重绿化建设用地面积的增加向提高土地空间利用效率的转变;从集中在建成区的内部绿化美化向建立城乡一体的城市森林生态系统的转变,由此及彼探讨了繁昌县城市森林建设存在的优劣势,既往遗留的问题,梳理了原因。最后提出了全面建设森林县城必须要采取的应对措施。     

Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines

This study was conducted to develop a height–age growth model and site index curves for site quality evaluation of old secondary-growth stands of Pinus kesiya in the northern Philippines. The Chapman-Richards growth function was used in the guide curve method to generate anamorphic site index curves for this species. In order to evaluate the developed model, coefficient of determination (R ² ), root mean square error (RMSE), bias (ē), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean percent bias (MPB) were used as statistical criteria. The Chapman-Richards model explained about 96.84% of the total variation of the dominant height. The value of ē was ?0.004 m, AMD was 2.566 m, MPB was 3.88% and RMSE was 3.331. The site index curves developed as a result of this study are significant for forest managers in predicting the growth patterns and classification of site productivities for Pinus kesiya stands.