动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制与生态作用

河豚毒素在自然界中分布广泛,从微生物到植物、动物都有发现.除河豚外,河豚毒素还在节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、蠕虫、蝾螈、青蛙等其他物种中都有不同含量的分布.不同动物产生、富集河豚毒素的机制可能存在很大差别,但是河豚毒素对其携带动物在自然选择进化中发挥着重大的作用.目前中国对河豚毒素的研究主要集中在河豚毒素的分离纯化、检测分析及抗体制备等方面,而对河豚毒素产生的分子机制及生态作用的研究还很少,文章通过综述国外对河豚毒素分子机制及生态作用的研究,进一步阐释动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制及河豚毒素对动物的重要生态作用.     

集体林权改革对乡村治理效用影响的研究

从乡村治理的角度探讨集体林权改革带给林区农村除经济方面以外的其他各方面的效用。论述了林权改革对林区稳定的作用、宣传作用;探讨了林改给林农思想观念与生活方式带来的变化,指出了林改促进了村容村貌以及社保机制的建立;促进了基层组织建设与村民的自治,并且林改催生的林业合作组织同时具有乡村治理的效能。因此得出了结论:集体林权改革对林区农村乡村治理效用存在积极的作用。     

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, leukocytes secrete immunoreactive adrenal corticotropin hormone (ACTH)

The interrelationships between the neuroendocrine and immune systems are becoming more understood, at least in mammalian systems. The most characterized of these relationships is that of hormonal signaling within the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CNS-perceived signals stimulate the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which in turn stimulates the release of pituitary corticotropin (ACTH) and ultimately the release of adrenal-cortex-derived corticosteroids. We demonstrate that channel catfish peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a channel catfish B-cell line (1G8) and a T-cell line (28S.1), constitutively and in response to CRF, secrete a molecule that is reactive with a mammalian RIA for ACTH (irACTH). The T-cell line was the most responsive to CRH and may provide a valuable model for understanding the interrelationships between the neuroendocrine and immune systems in lower vertebrates. Lymphoid derived ACTH, or ACTH-like products, in fish, as well as higher vertebrates, may represent a paracrine or autocrine control on lymphocyte function and immune regulation.     

红景天属植物的研究进展

综述了红景天的主要化学组成,生理功能及用途,论述了不同产地不同品种红景天中红景天苷、酪醇、肉桂醇苷的含量,及红景天提取物的制备工艺和检测方法.     

Immune defense enzymes: Advances in L‐amino acid oxidase of marine animals

L‐amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is able to stereoselectively catalyse the deamination of L‐amino acids to α‐keto acids, ammonia and H₂O₂. It has been reported that this enzyme has biological functions including inhibition of bacteria and antiviral, anti‐parasitic and anti‐tumour activities. To date, marine animal LAAO are constantly being identified. L‐amino acid oxidase derived from marine animals has been purified for Sebastes schlegelii, Platichthys stellatus, Gadus morhua, Signanus oramin, Aplysia californica and some others. In this paper, we review the reported progress of research on marine animal LAAO, including basic characteristics, tissue distribution and biological function. We intended to provide a reference for the further study of LAAO in marine animals.     

鱼类抗菌肽的功能及应用前景

鱼类可以分泌不同种类的带有正电荷的氨基酸短肽分子——抗菌肽（antimicmbialpeptides,AMPs）,用于机体防御机制。抗菌肽具有广谱抗菌、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特等优点,成为免疫学的研究热点。本文简要综述了鱼类抗菌肽的主要功能研究进展,讨论了其应用前景。     

Do fathead minnows,Pimephales promelas Rafinesque,alter their club cell investment in responses to variable risk of infection from Saprolegnia?

Fish in the Superorder Ostariophysi possess large epidermal club cells that release chemical cues warning nearby conspecifics of danger. Despite the long‐held assumption that such club cells evolved under the selective force of predation, recent studies demonstrated that predation has no effect on club cell investment. Rather, club cells have an immune function and cell production may be stimulated by skin‐penetrating pathogens and parasites. The current work investigates whether fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, alter their club cell characteristics based on variation in infection risk. In a 2 × 3 design, we exposed minnows to infective cysts of two oomycete species (Saprolegnia ferax and S. parasitica) at three different concentrations (2, 20 or 200 cysts L^?1). Club cell characteristics (number and size) were quantified 12 days after exposure. Saprolegnia parasitica is thought to be more pathogenic than S. ferax, hence we predicted greater club cell investment and a larger turnover rate of cells by minnows exposed to S. parasitica than S. ferax. We also predicted that minnows exposed to higher numbers of cysts should invest more in club cells and have a higher turnover rate of cells. We found no difference in club cell density or size between fish exposed to the two Saprolegnia species; however, fish exposed to high concentrations of pathogens had smaller club cells than those exposed to low concentrations, indicating a higher rate of turnover of cells in the epidermis.     

共轭亚油酸在养猪生产中的研究进展

伴随着现代畜牧业的快速发展,新型的饲料添加剂在养殖生产中应用越来越多。共轭亚油酸作为一种天然的新型功能性脂肪酸,具有抗癌、减少体脂和提高动物生产性能、提高动物免疫力、改善胴体品质等特殊的生理功能。本文主要从它的来源、生理功能及机制和在现代养猪生产中的应用作一综述。     

共轭亚油酸的性质及其生理功能

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸同分异构体的混合物,是主要来源于反刍动物食品的天然营养成分。它具有抗癌、抗氧化、降低血清胆固醇、减少脂肪沉积、促进生长以及调节免疫等作用,是一种新型保健功能脂质,因此在药物和食品等研究领域中有很广阔的应用前景。在查阅大量文献的基础上,综述了CLA的来源、合成以及各种生理功能,以期为其应用及开发研究提供较为详细的信息资料。