Conditional expression of harpinPsscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpinPss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR)

Conditional expression of harpin_Psscauses yeast cell death that shares features of cell death pathway with harpin_Pss-mediated plant hypersensitive response (HR).Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae 61 hrp Z gene encodes harpin_Pss, a 34.7 kD extracellular protein that elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Conditional expression of either full-length or truncated hrp Z sequences under the GAL1 promoter caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y187. Plating of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants on a medium containing galactose resulted in complete inhibition of colony formation, whereas their growth on a glucose-based medium was unaffected. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of harpin_Pssin yeast cells transformed with pYEUT- hrp Z and grown in galactose-containing medium. A time-dependent decline in the percentage of trypan blue-excluding cells in cultures of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was observed when cultured on galactose-containing medium. Similarly, the number of viable cells reduced to about 50% within 6 h. There were similarities in the harpin_Pss-mediated cell death in plants and yeast cell death (YCD). Galactose-induced cell death in pYEUT-hrp Z transformants of S. cerevisiae Y187 was suppressed by a protein kinase inhibitor K252a (10 μ M). The viability of pYEUT- hrp Z transformants was prolonged in the presence of 100 U ml⁻¹catalase suggesting a role for the oxidative burst in YCD that was further supported by the flow cytometric patterns of propidium iodide uptake by yeast cells. Overall, it appears that yeast provides a useful model system to understand the molecular mechanism of harpin_Pss-mediated cell death.     

梨中AVERMECTIN B1残留的酶联免疫吸附测定

本文建立了检测梨中Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）。以结合物４″－Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１－ＢＳＡ免疫家兔，制备特异性针对Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的多克隆抗体。梨样本经甲醇提取后用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测。在６．０￣６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加浓度范围内，Ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ Ｂ１的回收率为８６％￣１０５％，变异系数（ＣＶ）为４％￣８％。样本检测限为０．１ｍｇ／     

The induction of 1,3-β-glucanases and other enzymes in groundnut leaves infected with Cercospora arachidicola

Infection of groundnut leaves with the early leaf spot pathogen Cercospora arachidicola leads to a marked increase in extracellular 1,3-β-glucanase activity, limited to the infected tissue. Three isoforms of low molecular weight and extreme pI values, typical of pathogenesis-related proteins, were induced. These β-glucanases, when acting together, were capable of degrading the pathogen cell wall in vitro. Glucanases from homogenates of infected leaf tissue were partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography to give enzymes with molecular weights of 35, 32 and 20 kDa and pI values of 3·8, 3·6 and > 9, respectively. They were electrophoretically identical to the β-glucanases found in the intercellular washing fluid. Treatment of groundnut plants with 200 μM mercuric chloride induced the accumulation of identical extracellular β-glucanases. During the course of the infection an increase in peroxidase activity was also observed, but chitinase activity remained more or less constant.     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

Treatment of equine glaucoma by transscleral neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser cyclophotocoagulation: a retrospective study of 23 eyes of 16 horses

Contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) was performed on 23 eyes of 16 horses for treatment of glaucoma. The mean highest preoperative IOP was 51 ± 17 mmHg. Follow-up evaluation was available for 19 eyes 1 day after surgery, 14 eyes from 1 to 2 weeks, 16 eyes from 4 to 6 weeks, 9 eyes from 12 to 16 weeks, and 10 eyes greater than 20 weeks after laser treatment. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) the day following surgery was 34 ± 13 mmHg. The mean IOP for each follow-up period was: one to two weeks postoperative, 23 ± 9 mmHg; four to six weeks, 24 ± 7 mmHg; 12–16 weeks, 28 ± 10 mmHg; and  20 weeks, 22 ± 9 mmHg. IOP measurements were significantly different from pretreatment values for all follow-up intervals except for weeks 12–16 ( P < 0.05). Treatment success was defined as maintenance of IOP < 30 mmHg. Treatment success was achieved in 93%, 88%, 78%, and 70% of the treated eyes at the 1–2 weeks, 4–6 weeks, 12–16 weeks, and the  20 weeks re-evaluation, respectively. No significant difference was found between the number of eyes visual at presentation (52.2%) and visual at 20 weeks (60%). The most common laser complications were conjunctival hyperemia (21.7%) and corneal ulcers (13.0%). Results of this study indicate that Nd:YAG TSCP is an effective method of controlling IOP and preserving vision in horses with glaucoma. An effective Nd:YAG laser protocol for TSCP in the equine glaucomatous eye is a power setting of 11 W, duration of 0.4 s, applied 5 mm posterior to the limbus at 60 sites, resulting in a total energy dose of 264 J.     

河南人均国内生产总值预测分析

运用GM（1，1）模型和经济周期理论，定量分析和定性分析相结合，对2001-2009年河南人均国内生产总值进行了预测分析，结果表明，在对区域经济的发展趋势进行预测时，在经济周期的不同发展阶段中样本数目的选择可能会对预测结果产生显著的影响，对样本数据进行适当处理，能使预测结果和现实相符。     

中早熟甜椒新品种中椒11号的选育

Sweet pepper; Zhongjiao No.11; F1 hybrid.; 【摘要】 中椒11号为中早熟甜椒一代杂种。其母本91-126是利用国内甜、辣椒及国外的甜椒为材料，经杂交、回交、添加杂交和单株选择转育而成的抗病、优质甜椒高代自交系，父本92-2-3为早熟、结果率高、配合力强的甜椒高代自交系。中椒11号熟性中早，定植至采收40d(天)左右，产量3000～5000kg·(667m2)-1，抗逆性强，抗TMV、中抗CMV，耐湿热；适于华南南菜北运基地冬季种植或北方早春保护地及露地早熟栽培；果实长灯笼形，果色绿，肉厚，味甜，商品率高，耐贮运。已在广东、海南、山东、北京等地种植，推广面积达1500hm2。     

桑树夏伐伏条技术的研究

试验证明，夏伐时留一适当枝条，然后在行间横伏，将梢端插地固定，伏条基部锯割伤口促进基部萌发壮芽，结合收获夏叶留下基部壮芽，再将伏条剪去，可使夏叶大幅度增产，小区试验增产８６．６４％，中试增产５１．４％；叶质也有明显改进，夏伐伏条技术简便易行，对桑树的生长无不良影响。     

猴丰1号新菌株的选育及其酯酶同工酶分析

采用子实体组织分离与系统筛选法,从福建猴头的变异株中选育出了定名为“猴丰1号”的新菌株。该菌株菌丝体生长势强,发菌迅速;子实休菇形大,产量高。鲜菇产量比出发株福建猴头增加69.3％,比著名的常山99菌株增加16.8％。酯酶同工酶分析显示:猴丰1号的酯酶谱型与福建猴头相似,但有1条酶带发生了变异。由此说明,它确是源于福建猴头的自然变异株。     

Effects of herbicidal carbamates on mitochondria and chloroplasts

At concentrations near 2 × 10^?4M, barban, chlorpropham, and phenmedipham are inhibitors of the electron transfer in potato and mung bean mitochondria. The inhibition seems to be localized in the flavoprotein region. It affects preferentially the exogenous NADH dehydrogenation, in potato mitochondria (I₅₀, 10^?4M). Succinate dehydrogenation is less inhibited. At noninhibiting concentrations, the studied carbamates cannot uncouple the oxidative phosphorylations. Photosynthesis is completely inhibited by 2.10^?7M phenmedipham, 5 × 10^?5M barban, and 2 × 10^?4M chlorpropham. The inhibition takes place at the PS II level. Moreover, barban and chlorpropham are uncouplers of the photophosphorylations for concentrations between 5 × 10^?5 and 5 × 10^?4M. The effects observed on mitochondrial respiration can also be found on respiration of Acer cultured cells. The effects on isolated chloroplast photosynthesis are also observed for slightly higher concentrations on cultured Chlorella and on pea and oat leaf fragments.