超量表达FBL1对84K杨根系和生长量影响研究

生长素及其信号转导系统对植物的生长发育具有重要的影响。本研究从银腺杨'84K'(Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84K')中分离了生长素受体基因PtrFBL1,利用PMDC32构建了PMDC32-PtrFBL1超量表达载体,并通过遗传转化获得了超量表达植株17个。对温室定植的3个转基因株系和对照植株的根系、生长量和光合指标等性状分析结果显示:转基因株系总根长和总根面积达到显著或极显著差异,而根系干质量、平均不定根系长度、平均不定根直径差异不显著;株高、平均节间长、地径和高径比皆高于对照,且大多数转基因株系达到显著差异;除气孔限制值(Ls)低于对照外,气孔导度(Cd)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光能利用效率(LUE)和叶绿素相对含量皆高于对照,且大多数转基因株系达到显著或极显著差异。以上结果表明,可能是FBL1超表达增加了转基因株系根系面积,提高了水分和养分的吸收利用,进而导致转基因株系光能吸收和转化效率提高,引起转基因株系生长加快。     

甜菜碱对猪不同阶段脂肪和蛋白质代谢的影响

对断奶仔猪、生长猪和肥育猪分别饲喂添加甜菜碱800、1000、1750mg/kg的饲粮，分别进行为期36、62、40d的饲养试验，并进行屠宰取样和分析测定。结果表明甜菜碱使断奶仔猪、生长猪、肥育猪的日增重分别提高8.71%(P<0.05)、13.20%(P<0.01)、13.32%(P<0.01);胴体脂肪率分别降低12.97%(P<0.01)、19.62%(P<0.01)、12.49%(P<0.01)；瘦肉率分别提高4.08%(P<0.05)、7.15%(P<0.05)、3.31%(P<0.05);肝脏中游离肉碱含量分别增加8.98%(P<0.05)、21.36%(P<0.05)、30.18%(P<0.01);血清中生长激素(GH)水平分别增高46.15%(P<0.01)、102.11%(P<0.01)、58.33%(P<0.05)；胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平分别增高38.74%(P<0.05)、44.74%(P<0.01)、47.95%(P<0.01)。生长猪和肥育猪皮下脂肪组织中苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性分别上升13.60%(P<0.05)和14.59%(P<0.01)，断奶仔猪有提高趋势，但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

澜沧江流域云南段土地利用结构及生态风险演化研究

基于计量地理学理论和ArcGIS技术平台,利用澜沧江云南段区域1990—2020年的土地利用数据,以土地利用动态度、土地生态风险指数等为指标,对土地生态系统进行量化分析,并运用灰色系统理论,分析土地生态风险与土地利用之间的相关性,预测未来15年土地生态风险指数。结果表明,30年间澜沧江流域云南段区域的土地利用动态度和土地生态风险均呈上升趋势,其中,2020年土地利用动态度和土地生态风险指数的变化幅度均表现最为剧烈;澜沧江云南段区域的土地生态风险分布具有区域性,表现为上游、下游为中低生态风险区,中游为较高生态风险区;未来15年澜沧江流域云南段区域的土地生态风险有向更高等级演变的趋势。     

南京人居森林工程——城市生态公益林建设新模式

人居森林工程是"绿色南京"建设的重要组成部分,本文介绍了人居森林工程建设的主要政策机制,并以南京白马湖人居森林工程项目为例,论述了人居森林生态景观林建设的功能定位、基本原则、总体布局及湿地生态风景林、社区景观生态林、景观防护林和体验式休闲观光林等四种建设模式。       

因地制宜建设特色城市森林——以无锡市城市森林建设总体规划为例

以无锡市城市森林总体规划为例,探讨因地制宜的特色城市森林规划建设战略;以创建特色森林城市为目标,以无锡市自然、文化和城市发展3方面为重要内容,提出依水建林、森林生态建设、森林生态网络建设和森林生态文化景观区建设4大规划战略。       

北京西山两种特色植物

杠柳(Periploca sepium Bunge)属萝摩科杠柳属落叶木质藤本,是一种蔓生缠绕灌木,又名羊奶子、北五加皮等。分布黄河流域及北方各省,北京西山亦有广泛分布。杠柳耐干旱瘠薄土壤,喜光,根蘖性强,常丛生成团,初期生长茎直立,后渐匍匐或缠绕,为优良的水土保持树种。       

Synthesis of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant from tall oil fatty acid

1-Hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline (HEAI) and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant were synthesized using tall oil fatty acid as the raw material. Suitable experimental conditions for synthesizing the intermediate and final products were probed. Their chemical structures were also investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on the results of these analyses, it has been found that during the reaction process of HEAI with sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate under alkaline condition the imidazoline ring was hydrolyzed to amides, and the obtained amphoteric surfactant was actually a complex mixture of amides. An etherification reaction in the hydroxyethyl group was also observed when the HEAI/sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate molar ratio was more than 1:1.     

Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds

 The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin. Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion, Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support. This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002 Correspondence to:S. Saka     

鉴真高僧成功起航的地方——记张家港市城市林业建设

鉴真乃唐代高僧,江苏扬州人。八世纪中叶,应日本邀请,五次航海均告失败,虽双目失明,仍矢志不渝,于古稀之年,从张家港古黄泗浦,再次扬帆东渡,终获成功,高僧把我国的佛学、医学、语文、建筑、雕塑、书法和印刷等传播到扶桑。今天向广大读者介绍鉴真高僧成功起航的地方——张家港。       

1-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl) ethanone, a new compound from the stem bark of Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus

The chloroform extract of the stem bark of Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus has yielded two ethanones; 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanone (I) (a new compound) and 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (II). The structures of both compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.