不同采收期艾蒿水提物体外抗氧化活性的研究

试验研究了不同采收期艾蒿水提物主要的生物活性成分及其体外抗氧化活性。以料液比(艾蒿:水)1:15(g/mL),70℃水浴4 h制备艾蒿水提物,测定不同采收期艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量,并测定艾蒿提取物对Fe3+的还原力及其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除力。结果发现,8月份艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量最高,体外抗氧化能力也最强,而6、7月份和9月份艾蒿水提物的体外抗氧化能力较低。研究表明,艾蒿水提物作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源,其主要的生物活性成分和抗氧化活性受采收期影响而存在一定的差异,与其他月份相比,8月份收割的艾蒿更适宜制备艾蒿水提物。     

Oral λ-carrageenan intake alleviates skin symptoms in a hapten induced atopic dermatitis-like model

Lambda carrageenan is a widely used food additive. It has been shown that its oral intake induces suppression of T cell proliferation and antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune response in experimental animals. In this study, we estimated the effect of oral ingestion of 0.001% λ-carrageenan on trinitrochlorobenzen-induced atopic dermatitis model mouse. Oral carrageenan ingestion alleviated ear swelling of hapten challenged mice and significantly suppressed mast cell hyperplasia in the topical skin. Serological analysis revealed that the treatment suppressed total IgE and antigen-specific IgG, and also suppressed both allergy driving cytokine interleukin-4 and counter-acting cytokine interferon-γ levels. It is suggested that the oral ingestion of λ-carrageenan may suppress the immunological response to the allergen and might be useful to treat atopic dermatitis.     

牛磺胆酸对小鼠体内氧自由基的影响

为了研究牛磺胆酸(TCA)对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法、紫外分光光度法、硫代巴比妥酸法和酶联免疫特异性测定法分别测定了给药后小鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量及血浆中一氧化氯合酶(NOS)的活力.结果显示,低剂量TCA能显著提高血浆、肝脏和脑组织中GSP-PX活力及肝脏和脑组织中CAT活力,显著降低血浆中GSH-PX活力和脑组织中GSH-PX活力.高剂量的TCA能显著提高血浆中GSH-PX、肝脏和脑组织中T-SOD、GSH-PX及肝脏中CAT活力.低、高剂量的TCA能显著降低血浆、肝脏和脑组织中MDA的含量,以及提高血浆中NOS活力.结果证明,TCA的抗氧自由基作用与其提高体内SOD、GSH-PX、CAT、NOS的活力和降低MDA含量有关.     

A Comparison of the Plasma Fructose Concentrations in Dogs and Cats and Changes in the Fructose Concentrations in Dogs Following Intravenous Administration of Fructose

The plasma concentrations of fructose, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) were measured in dogs and cats. Changes in these concentrations were investigated in dogs by an intravenous fructose tolerance test (IVFTT) at a dose of 0.1 g/kg body weight. Fructose concentrations in the plasma of dogs were significantly higher than those of cats. There was no significant difference in plasma glucose concentrations between dogs and cats. Plasma FFA concentrations decreased and TG concentrations increased after feeding in both dogs and cats. During the IVFTT, the plasma fructose concentrations in the dogs increased rapidly to a peak by 2 min and then decreased to half of the peak by 5 min after the administration of fructose. Administration of fructose resulted in an increase in the plasma TG concentrations and reduced plasma FFA concentrations in the dogs. Only 4% of the administered fructose was detected in the urine of dogs following IVFTT. Plasma fructose was considered to be rapidly absorbed and metabolized in both dogs and cats. However, as with glucose metabolism, there appear to be some differences in fructose metabolism between dogs and cats.     

Use of autogenous fascia lata graft for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a herniorrhaphy technique, using an autogenous fascia lata graft (FLG) for perineal hernia (PH) repair in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with PH. METHOD: PHs were repaired with FLG harvested from the dog's ipsilateral thigh and sutured directly into the perineal defect. Correction of associated conditions, and castration were performed. Surgical time, pain, inflammation, pattern of defecation, lameness, hospitalization time, postoperative complications, and owner satisfaction were recorded. Histopathologic examination was performed in 1 dog euthanatized 10 months after repair. RESULTS: Hernia did not recur (mean follow-up, 5.8 months). Lameness was the most frequent minor complication, and was resolved within a few days. Transient rectal prolapse occurred in 2 dogs with bilateral PH. The mean (+/-SD) hospitalization was 1.8+/-0.9 days, and the surgical time was 76.5+/-9.8 minutes. Histopathologic examination in 1 dog revealed perfect integration of FLG into adjacent tissues without substantial tissue reaction. CONCLUSIONS: FLG reconstruction of PH is a simple, effective method of treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: FLG can be used without major complications for primary repair of PH, as an augmentation procedure when the internal obturator muscle is thin or friable, or when herniation has recurred after another repair technique.     

Evaluation of 6 ONRAB Ultralite bait flavor matrices delivered to coyotes (Canis latrans): Implications for oral rabies vaccination

The spread of rabies in terrestrial wildlife throughout the United States is primarily controlled through oral rabies vaccination. Relatively low bait acceptance and seroconversion rates by some target species have prompted investigation into an alternative to the RABORAL V-RG bait currently used. In Canada, ONRAB Ultralite baits are used to vaccinate raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Comparative studies between RABORAL V-RG and ONRAB found higher seroconversion rates among raccoons that ingested ONRAB, suggesting that it may be a suitable alternative. However, ONRAB has not been evaluated in many rabies reservoir species, including coyotes (Canis latrans). Vaccination of coyotes is a critical element in preventing reemergence of canine strain of rabies in the United States. We evaluated flavor preference of ONRAB Ultralite oral rabies vaccine baits by coyotes. Preferences among bait types differed (Friedman χ² = 13.28; df = 5; P = 0.02). Of the 6 bait flavors evaluated, cheese ranked the highest, followed by fish, chicken, sugar-vanilla, egg, and bacon flavors. Pairwise trials among the top 3 flavors (cheese, fish, and chicken) showed no difference (Friedman χ² = 3.00; df = 2; P = 0.22). Our research suggests that among the bait flavors we evaluated, cheese, fish, or chicken-flavored baits may be an appropriate flavor for delivery of ONRAB Ultralite baits to coyotes.     

Highly recurrent BRAF p.V595E mutation in canine papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral epithelial malignancy in dogs. It exhibits locally aggressive biological behaviour with the potential to metastasize, and a reported 1-year survival rate of 0% when left untreated. Expression studies suggest that aberrant MAPK signalling plays a key role in canine OSCC tumorigenesis, which is consistent with BRAF and HRAS MAPK-activating mutations reported in some tumours. Several morphological subtypes of canine OSCC have been described, with papillary, conventional, and basaloid as the most common patterns. We hypothesized that mutational differences may underlie these phenotypic variations. In this study, targeted Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays demonstrate that up to 85.7% of canine papillary OSCC (n = 14) harbour a BRAF p.V595E mutation. Assessment of neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation using Ki67 immunolabelling (n = 10) confirmed a relatively high proliferation activity, consistent with their known aggressive clinical behaviour. These findings underscore a consistent genetic feature of canine papillary OSCC and provide a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and targeted therapeutic approaches that can improve the quality of veterinary care.     

Neoplastic melanocytic pleural effusion in a Portuguese water dog

A 9-year-old castrated male Portuguese water dog was presented following incomplete excision of a malignant melanoma at the left lip commissure by the referring veterinarian. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. The patient was staged using thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, and fine-needle aspirates of the mandibular lymph nodes and spleen. Given the absence of any definitive evidence of metastasis, the malignant melanoma was surgically completely removed. The dog then received four melanoma vaccine doses as an adjuvant therapy and remained clinically healthy for more than 3 months after the last immunization. However, 232 days after the initial discovery of the lip mass, the dog was euthanized due to deterioration and a poor prognosis based on the presence of lung metastases and neoplastic melanocytic pleural effusion. The latter has been rarely reported in dogs, despite the high prevalence of oral malignant melanomas and the tendency of these tumors to metastasize to the lungs.     

不同生境芦苇的营养成分分析

本文分析了分布在不同生境条件下的芦苇的营养成分，结果表明，（１）单位面积地上部生物量以沼泽芦苇为最高，沙丘芦苇次之，过渡带芦苇较低，盐化草甸芦苇最低；碳水化合物总量沙丘芦苇＞沼泽芦苇＞过渡带芦苇＞盐化草甸芦苇；粗蛋白含量由高到低顺序为：盐化草甸芦苇、沙丘芦苇、沼泽芦苇、过渡带芦苇。（２）４种生境芦苇的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸中均含有１８种天然氢基酸，其中１０种必需氨基酸含量因生境条件不同而备有差异。但总氨基酸及结构氨基酸中必需氨基酸含量均在１０％以上。由此得出，４种生境芦苇利用价值由高到低的顺序依次为：沙丘芦苇、沼泽芦苇、过渡带芦苇、盐化草甸芦苇。     

IL-17细胞因子家族调节黏膜免疫的研究进展

皮肤和黏膜上皮细胞既是机体的物理屏障,又是机体防御微生物的第一道防线。上皮细胞与白细胞、树突细胞(DCs)等之间的相互作用,是机体产生适应性免疫反应的重要因素。IL-17细胞因子家族是最近新发现的具有强大的促炎症作用的细胞因子,它们在机体的固有和适应性免疫中发挥着重要作用,IL-17A、IL-17C和IL-17F能够直接作用于组织的上皮细胞,诱导各种免疫反应来对抗病原体,且能够促进组织的修复。IL-17E最基本的作用是作用于白细胞和诱导Ⅱ型免疫,这在其对抗寄生虫的作用中是非常关键的,此外,IL-17E还可以反向调节白细胞对IL-17A和IL-17F的产生;而对于IL-17B和IL-17D的研究则相对较少一些。