树枝直刃剪切数学模型与试验

【目的】基于材料力学和弹性地基梁理论对直刃刀片剪切树枝过程进行理论建模,并根据该模型计算出直刃刀片剪切树枝所受的剪切力。【方法】以石硖品种龙眼树枝为试验材料,利用万能材料试验机和摩擦试验台等仪器测定龙眼树枝的相关力学特性参数和滑动摩擦因数,测量并用模型计算树枝不同含水率(w)、直径和不同刀片刃角下动刀片剪切龙眼树枝的峰值剪切力,剪切试验所用刀具的刃角分别为10°、20°和30°。【结果】当树枝直径为20.4 mm、相对含水率为76%、刀片刃角为20°时,刀片剪切力理论计算曲线与试验曲线趋势一致,峰值剪切力的误差约为2.3%;当树枝直径为15.3 mm,刀片刃角为20°,且树枝含水率大于纤维饱和点(30%)时,刀片峰值剪切力随含水率升高而增大,计算值在试验值的误差范围内;当树枝直径为24.6 mm、含水率为76%,且刀片刃角从10°增大到30°时,峰值剪切力显著增大,计算值处于试验值的误差范围内。【结论】该理论模型可用于预测剪切力并分析不同力学参数对峰值剪切力的影响,为修剪机具剪切机构的设计和优化提供参考。     

Bearing properties of engineered wood products I: effects of dowel diameter and loading direction

The embedment tests of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with two moduli of elasticity (MOE; 7.8 GPa and 9.8GPa), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D 5764. The load-embedment relation for each of these engineered wood products (EWPs) was established. The directional characteristics of bearing strength (_e), initial stiffness (k _e), and effective elastic foundation depth were obtained from the tested results. The effective elastic foundation depth (=E/k _e,E = MOE), based on the theory of a beam on elastic foundation, was obtained from thek _e and MOE. An of 90° (perpendicular to the grain) was calculated by dividingE ₉₀ [MOE of 90° from the compression test, but MOE of 0° (E ₀), parallel to the grain, obtained from the bending test] byk _e90, the initial stiffness of 90°. This study aimed to obtain the bearing characteristics of each EWP, taking into consideration their anisotropic structures, for estimating the fastening strength of a dowel-type fastener. The relations between the bearing coefficients ( _e,k _e,) on the loading direction and dowel diameter were established from the load-embedment curves. Based on the results of the embedment test, tested EWPs showed different tendencies in all directions from wood and glued laminated timber.Part of this study was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

高层建筑和低层裙房基础设计方案选择

针对高层建筑和低层裙房基础设计中常遇到的方案选择、高层主楼与低层裙房基础沉降差异处理等问题，提出了设计要求和实施的技术措施。     

CFG桩在复合地基中的应用

根据CFG桩复合地基的承载机理和特性,提出了CFG桩的应用与设计。并参照《建筑地基处理技术规范》（JGJ79-2002）,结合工程实例中单桩承载力及复合地基承载力标准值的计算,对其在复合地基中的适用性和可行性进行了探讨。     

深基坑支护中冲孔灌注桩质量控制研究

灌注桩+锚索支护型式被越来越多地应用于深基坑支护中。文章结合冲孔灌注桩在深圳GL河口调蓄池工程—深基坑支护中的应用实践,介绍了冲孔灌注桩施工工艺、施工过程质量控制要点,对施工准备、冲孔、确定终孔、清孔、钢筋笼制作和吊装、浇筑水下混凝土等各施工环节进行了梳理和探讨,并对施工监理工作程序和监理控制要点做了论述,借此与广大同行进行交流、学习。     

Growth traits of four maternal lines of rabbits founded on different criteria: comparisons at foundation and at last periods after selection

The objective was to compare growth traits in four maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), with the aim of understanding the consequence of the different foundation and selection processes on the growth performance of the lines. The lines are currently in the 43th, 38th, 22th and 8th generations, respectively. Two comparisons were performed. One compared the values of the lines at their foundation, using the complete data set, the full pedigree and a two‐trait analysis, including data on the selection criteria, litter size. The other comparisons were done during the last period when all the lines were housed together with the same feeding and management. The numbers of records were 323 208 for weaning weight, and 300 553 for slaughter weight and average daily Gain (from 46 708 l). The pedigree file included 346 638 animals. The second analysis used only the data corresponding to each period, and the analysis was conducted using a one‐trait model. The model was the same as that defined for the comparisons at the foundation, but the additive effects were excluded. The H and LP lines showed highest values for all the traits compared. In the last periods, a good agreement was observed between the estimated differences, computed with the complete model and data set, or computed with an incomplete model and only data from the comparison period. At last periods, the differences were smaller than at foundation. The importance of the correlated response in growth after selection for litter size at weaning or the importance of a non‐programmed intramating selection for the growth traits can explain the changes since foundation.     

山东省玉米种质基础及杂优模式分析

对山东省1983～2006年主要种植玉米品种种质基础及杂优模式进行了分析,结果表明：山东省玉米中应用的种质主要有Reid、塘四平头、旅大红骨、温热、M017、自330和其它群共7个杂种优势群,Reid×塘四平头杂优模式占主导地位。山东省玉米仍存在遗传基础狭窄问题。因此,需加强与国内外的交流合作,不断引进外来种质,拓宽种质资源,同时不断更新观念,明确今后的育种目标,采用先进的育种技术与传统育种方法相结合,创造新的种质,不断提高玉米育种水平,以适应玉米生产发展的需要。     

梯形渠道衬砌冻胀破坏弹性地基板模型

为探讨开放系统中梯形混凝土衬砌渠道的冻胀问题,根据衬砌板与冻土地基的相互关系,采用 Winkler弹性地基板理论建立了考虑冻胀力和冻结力作用的衬砌板冻胀破坏力学模型,使用解析法得到了衬砌板变形和内力解,对不同地下水埋深、衬砌板几何参数的影响规律进行了分析。通过与已有现场观测值和计算值进行对比,验证了弹性地基板理论计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明：坡板在非均匀分布的冻胀力作用下,挠度、弯矩和剪力也表现为非均匀分布,挠度最大值在坡顶距坡脚2/3处,弯矩最大值靠近底板位置,拉应力分布与内力分布规律一致,与已有研究结果吻合。与梁理论相比,板理论计算结果表明衬砌板的挠度和内力沿板宽方向为非均匀分布,挠度和弯矩在自由边界（纵向伸缩缝）处增大,扭矩主要分布在衬砌板的拐角处。切向冻结力对渠道冻胀影响较小,在原渠道工况下,不考虑切向冻结力与考虑最大切向冻结力之间,最大挠度相差0.7 mm。针对不同地下水位的渠道,给出了衬砌板的安全厚度,可为现浇混凝土梯形渠道的抗冻胀设计提供参考和理论依据。     

半解析数值法分析四边自由中厚板的受力特性

根据Reissner中厚板理论,结合胡海昌的解耦函数法,本文构造出一种能满足全部自由边界条件的试函数,并以此建立两个广义位移,用该位移求得双参数地基上四边自由矩形中厚板弯曲问题的解析解.利用最小平方误差法并结合数值算例,重点探讨了板弯剪刚度比、地基刚度以及地基剪切模量对弹性地基上四边自由中厚板受力特性影响规律.结果显示:(1)Vlazov地基模型优于Winkle地基模型,因为它考虑了地基剪切刚度的影响,使得板的内力和挠度均有减小,发挥了地基的潜力;(2)当地基刚度较小时,地基的剪切模量对板的挠度和内力的影响显著;当地基的刚度较大时,剪切模量对板的内力和挠度的影响不明显.本文计算精度高,计算工作量小且便于对参数进行分析,以及提供数值分析法判据等多项特点.     

The Element-free Method for Elastic Foundation Plates(EFM)

The application of the element-free method in the bending problems of plates has not been found since it was proposed.In this paper,the element-free method is applied to compute the deflection and the moment of the elastic foundation plate with free boundary,and the corresponding formulas as well as the computer program are developed.Numerical examples show that the accuracy of the method used in the foundation plate problem is satisfactory.Therefore,it is reasonable and feasible for using the element-free method in the plate bending problems.