Alterations to the synovial invaginations of the navicular bone are associated with pathology of both the navicular apparatus and distal interphalangeal joint when evaluated using high field MRI

Limited information exists regarding associations between distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) abnormalities and synovial invagination changes in the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone. This retrospective, analytical study aimed to measure specific characteristics of the synovial invaginations of the navicular bone to determine whether any single characteristic was associated with abnormalities in the DIPJ or navicular apparatus (NA) using high field MRI and a sample of 200 horses’ feet. The DIPJ and NA were graded independently by three scorers. The grades were averaged, creating a global pathology score for the DIPJ, NA, and synovial invaginations. Higher global scores represented more severe pathology. The number of invaginations, depth of penetration, invagination shape, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the largest invagination were recorded. Interobserver agreement was measured using Cohen's Kappa. Associations of global scores of the DIPJ and NA with individual invagination characteristics were assessed using linear mixed modeling. A significant relationship was found between the number of invaginations and global DIPJ score, with higher invagination numbers associated with higher DIPJ scores. For invagination depth and CSA, a significant relationship was noted with global scores of both the DIPJ and NA. Reliable relationships between the shape of synovial invaginations and global scores of DIPJ and NA were not found, likely due to poor interobserver scoring (0.305). These findings suggest that primary DIPJ disease and NA pathology should be considered when noticing alterations to navicular synovial invaginations on MRI. This contrasts traditional views that synovial invagination abnormalities are indicative solely of NA pathology.     

Standing computed tomography of the equine limb using a multi-slice helical scanner: Technique and feasibility study

Computed tomography (CT) is an important cross-sectional diagnostic modality for lameness localised to the equine distal limb. The necessity of general anaesthesia to perform CT scans has limited its use in the equine orthopaedic field. Therefore, many attempts have been made to perform CT of the distal limb in standing horses. This retrospective report aims to describe the technical set-up and the feasibility of using a multi-slice helical CT unit recently introduced into the equine market. The medical records of the patients undergoing a standing CT in the period between March 2019 and January 2020 were reviewed. The imaged anatomical region and the image quality were assessed. Thirty-two horses met the inclusion criteria, and the following anatomical areas have been imaged: front foot/pastern (n = 14), metacarpophalangeal joint (n = 11), front proximal suspensory ligament (n = 2), carpus (n = 2), metatarsophalangeal joint (n = 2) and tarsus (n = 1). In 97% of the cases, excellent imaging quality was obtained. Motion artefact is the main cause of poor image quality. The feet and the metacarpophalangeal region can be easily imaged. Imaging the proximal anatomical regions of the limb is more challenging but achievable.     

悬浮培养生产口蹄疫病毒灭活工艺研究

采用单独使用二乙烯亚胺（BEI）灭活剂30℃、26℃灭活以及二乙烯亚胺-甲醛（BEI-FA）联合灭活3种方法对悬浮培养生产的猪口蹄疫O型ZK/93病毒液进行灭活,考察和评价各种方法对该毒株146S的影响及灭活安全性。根据对3批口蹄疫病毒灭活后检测结果来看,单独使用BEI 26℃灭活方法虽然对146S的损失率小,但存在一定的安全隐患,未经过大量试验证实及确认之前不应使用。而经BEI-FA联合灭活方法获得的抗原安全性检验符合规定,但该方法对口蹄疫抗原146S的损失率较高,不宜推广和使用。与上述两种方法相比,用BEI灭活剂30℃灭活28 h仍是最佳的灭活方法。     

口蹄疫病毒灭活疫苗中VP1基因RNA抽提方法的建立

本试验提取疫苗种毒、BEI灭活病毒和白油乳化灭活疫苗病毒中的RNA,并就VP1基因进行了RT-PCR扩增、核酸序列测定和序列比对分析。结果显示,3种来源的VP1基因片段长度均为813 bp,与预期的目标相符,核苷酸序列显示3种方法处理的病毒VP1同源性为100%。说明灭活剂BEI和乳化工艺没有全部破坏口蹄疫病毒VP1基因核酸,为检测疫苗毒株的核酸序列建立了一种方法。     

生物有机肥对酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响

针对贺兰山东麓大面积酿酒葡萄园因土壤瘠薄、过度依赖化肥而导致产量低且不稳等问题,采用田间试验结合室内分析,研究生物有机肥不同施用量(0、3、6、9、12、15t/hm2)对该区酿酒葡萄生长、养分吸收及产量品质的影响。结果表明:在一定生物有机肥施用量范围内,随施用量的增加,酿酒葡萄叶绿素含量比对照提高,新稍长增加3.19%～24.41%,百叶鲜质量增加2.91%～13.26%,而百叶干质量增幅为11.71%～26.30%,有利于干物质累积;施有机肥促进了叶部全氮、全磷、全钾含量的吸收,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加0.60%～12.93%、46.94%～82.65%和6.94%～17.14%;叶柄全氮、全磷、全钾分别增加9.04%～48.59%、112.50%～226.14%和5.87%～40.47%,有利于干物质合成,从而比对照增产360.05%～554.14%,果实总糖含量提高1.11～1.94个百分点,总酸度下降0.18～0.27个百分点,糖酸比增大10.04～16.13个百分点;但有机肥施用量超过12t/hm2时,对3年生酿酒葡萄生长、氮磷钾吸收和产量等产生明显抑制作用。经肥料效应方程计算得出,该区3年生酿酒葡萄最高产量和最佳经济效益的生物有机肥施用量为11.45t/hm2和10.01t/hm2。     

糖尿病足中医证型与下肢动脉彩超相关性研究

目的初步探讨糖尿病足中医不同证型与下肢动脉彩超的关系。方法收集糖尿病足病例60例,非糖尿病住院病人45例作为对照组,记录相应下肢动脉彩超结果,并进行初步相关性分析。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病足组双下肢动脉内径均较窄,其中股总动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉内径差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);分型研究中,气阴两虚瘀阻组各下肢动脉内径最窄,与其他证型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论糖尿病足中医不同证型与下肢动脉彩超有一定的相关性,糖尿病足表现为各下肢动脉内径变窄,以气阴两虚瘀阻型明显。     

秋季奶牛腐蹄病高发的原因及综合防治

奶牛腐蹄病是目前危害农村散养户奶牛生产、导致奶牛生产性能下降的重要疾病之一。该病发生后,蹄的真皮和角质层组织发生化脓性病理变化,其特征是真皮坏死与化脓,角质溶解,病牛疼痛,跛行,严重影响奶牛生产性能。特别在秋季,更要加强对该病的防治。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the palmar aspect of the equine podotrochlear apparatus: normal appearance

The purpose of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of the palmar structures of the equine podotrochlear apparatus by means of retrospective evaluation of MR imaging studies of 16 cadaver limbs. The articular aspect of the distal sesamoid bone was not evaluated in this study. Equine digits were imaged with a human knee radiofrequency coil in a 1.5 T magnetic field, using spin echo (SE) T1-weighted, turbo spin echo proton density (TSE PD)-weighted with and without fat saturation (FS), and FS TSE T2-weighted sequences. The limbs were dissected after imaging to validate the absence of gross abnormalities of the flexor aspect of the distal sesamoid bone, of the deep digital flexor tendon, and the distal impar sesamoidean ligament. Seven deep digital flexor tendons were subjected to histologic examination to exclude any microscopic tendon pathology. The anatomic structures of the podotrochlear apparatus were easily identified on MR images. Compact bone of the flexor cortex of the distal sesamoid bone had low intensity signal on all sequences. In 11 digits an increased signal was seen within the thickness of the sagittal eminence of the flexor cortex in SE T1-weighted images and in TSE PD-weighted images without FS. Trabecular bone had a granular appearance and high signal in SE T1-weighted sequences and TSE images without FS. The deep digital flexor tendon had low signal on FS T2-weighted images, while on short echo time sequences (T1- and PD-weighted sequences), the tendon signal varied depending on the relative orientation between its fibers and the static magnetic field. Seven tendons had stippled appearance due to small intratendonous foci of slightly increased signal on transverse T1-weighted images. MR imaging provides a thorough evaluation of the anatomical structure of the podotrochlear apparatus: A good knowledge of the MR imaging appearance and anatomy and an awareness of potential pitfalls will improve diagnostic specificity for the detection of pathologic changes.     

甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原鉴定

对甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原进行了分离鉴定,从3块病田的37株罹病小麦上分离得到56个真菌菌株,分别被鉴定为雪腐镰刀菌[Fusarium nivale(Fr.)Ces.]、燕麦镰刀菌[Fusarium avenaceum(Corda et Fr.)Sacc.]、麦斑点附球霉[Epicoccum triticiP.Henn.]、小壳色单隔孢菌[Diplodiellasp.]、交链孢菌[Alternariaspp.]、芽枝霉[Cladosporiumsp.]、黑孢霉[Nigrosporasp.]。其中,雪腐镰刀菌致病性最强,燕麦镰刀菌致病性中强,麦斑点附球霉致病性弱,其余菌不致病。