浅谈砖混结构墙体裂缝产生的原因与防治措施

本文论述了砖混结构墙体裂缝产生的原因,以及在设计过程中应采取的措施。     

高等教育中信息不对称问题的探讨

本文针对目前高等教育事业中的信息不对称现象,运用信息经济学中的信息不对称理论对其进行分析研究,并提出相应的改善措施。     

Quality Contingent Pricing in Used Automobile Market

The problem concerning information asymmetry and quality uncertainty in the used automobile market of China has not been settled in a better way for years. Therefore, how to convey the signal of quality to the customers is of great value for used automobile dealers. On the basis of defining the probability of quality evaluation and for the purpose of achieving per expected revenue maximization, this paper builds a model of quality - contingent pricing and thus makes the optimal pricing and discount policy. In addition, this paper displays directly, through data analysis, the impact of the used automobiles pricing policy on the enterprise profits under the context of information asymmetry.     

Economic Sense of Mortgage and Guarantee in Credit Contract

There exists the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises that need loan, which can cause the problem of adverse selection. With the symmetry information, banks and enterprises can manage to reach best contracts. However, with the information asymmetry, when banks select the price of loan according to the average risk level of borrowers, the problem of adverse selection appears. Mortgage and guarantee are all very helpful to deal with adverse selection in some sides. For example, guarantee can send a signal to banks that enterprises could be low risky, and mortgage can make highly risky enterprises give up borrowing since it will bear more responsibility for its fail. A form of contract that connects the price of loan with the value of mortgage can help to recognize the style of different borrowers.     

多情景下耕地生态效益支付和受偿意愿特征分析

[目的]分析耕地生态效益支付意愿(WTP)和受偿意愿(WTA)的不对称性与差异性,为耕地生态效益表征指标的选取提供依据。[方法]以焦作市耕地生态效益测算为例,在多情景下,基于条件价值评估法(contingent valuation method,CVM)开展研究。[结果](1)WTP和WTA具有选择的差异性。在不同情景下,农户和城镇居民的受偿意愿均高于其支付意愿;(2)WTP和WTA具有分布的差异性。在不同情景下,WTP累积概率分布曲线明显位于WTA累积概率分布曲线上方;(3)WTP和WTA具有离散程度的不对称,WTA的离散程度明显高于WTP的离散程度,受访者对WTP的支付区间小于WTA的受偿区间;(4)WTP和WTA比值具有不对称性。受访城镇居民在不同情景下的WTA与WTP比值一般小于农户在不同情景下的WTA与WTP比值。[结论]结合不同情景下WTP和WTA不对称性与差异性,依据持有效应、耕地生态效益的非唯一性、WTA/WTP波动的差异性,可选取WTP作为CVM多情景下耕地生态效益测算的表征指标。     

科技政策与R＆D经费——基于非对称博弈模型的机理分析

通过构建非对称博弈模型,分析表明：科技政策支持会有效促进企业界增加R＆D经费,增强企业界技术创新能力,从而提高全社会自主创新能力;科技政策配置模式,明显影响着科技政策的实施效果,如果仅以技术创新能力来配置科技政策,对规模不等的企业均是公平的,更加有利于推进企业界开展科技活动,如果考虑企业规模因素来配置科技政策时,对规模企业有促进作用,对小企业起着抑制作用。     

中国原产 4 种野生百合的核型分析

 采用常规压片法，对绿花百合（Lilium fargesii）、卓巴百合（L. wardii）、新疆百合（L. martagon var. pilosiusculum）、台湾百合（L. formosanum）等4 种野生百合进行了染色体数观察和核型分析。结果表 明，绿花百合核型为3A，其余3 种材料核型均为3B。核型公式分别为：绿花百合2n = 24 = 4m + 8st （4SAT）+ 12t；新疆百合2n = 24 = 4m（4SAT）+ 10st（2SAT）+ 10t；台湾百合2n = 24 = 4m（2SAT）+ 4st + 16t（8SAT）；卓巴百合2n = 24 = 2m（2SAT）+ 2sm + 8st + 12t（2SAT）。核型不对称系数分别为80.54%、 81.50%、81.78%和83.89%。     

Skeletal forelimb measurements and hoof spread in relation to asymmetry in the bilateral forelimb of horses

Reasons for performing study: Research has highlighted a high frequency of skeletal asymmetries in horses. In addition, research into hoof asymmetries has shown that within a bilateral pair, the hoof with the smaller angle is often subjected to greater loading. There has been limited attention paid to understanding compensatory mechanisms for skeletal asymmetries in the horse; the dynamic structure of the hoof could potentially be acting in a compensatory capacity. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between morphometry of forelimb segments and hoof spread and their incidence of asymmetry. Methods: Ten bilateral measurements of the hoof and forelimb were taken from 34 leisure horses. The relationship between hoof spread and forelimb segment measurements were analysed using a generalised linear model (GLM). Results: In relation to left hoof spread, the GLM identified significant negative relationships with left side measurements (third metacarpal length, elbow height), and significant positive relationships with right side measurements (fetlock height, third metacarpal length, elbow height). In relation to right hoof spread, the GLM identified significant negative relationship with left elbow height, and significant positive relationships with right side measurements (fetlock height, point of shoulder). The difference between the number of horses larger to the left or to the right was found to be significant for point of shoulder height (X²= 4.8, P<0.05), and highly significant for heel height (X²= 9.53, P<0.01) and the third metacarpal length (X²= 7.26, P<0.01). Conclusions and clinical relevance: The study demonstrated considerable asymmetry in left‐right morphometry of the equine limb. The fact that measurements of hoof spread were significantly associated with limb segment measurements could possibly indicate that an interaction exists. Any asymmetry in hoof spread measurements may suggest unequal loading of the limbs, which in turn may contribute to injuries and reduced performance.