贮藏温度对茶薪菇新鲜度和生理指标的影响

本试验以荼薪菇为试材,研究了贮藏温度对茶薪菇保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：在5～25℃贮藏温度范围内,茶薪菇的失重率、呼吸强度、相对电导率和褐变度随贮藏温度的下降而降低。     

化学药剂对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的田间防治效果比较

[目的]筛选防治绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的最佳药剂及方案.[方法]通过田间药效试验测定了4种化学药剂对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的防治效果.[结果]43％戊唑醇悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、43％戊唑醇悬浮剂500倍液浸种2 h＋43％戊唑醇悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂500倍液浸种2 h＋25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂800倍液喷雾处理对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的防治效果明显,第3次施药后28 d的防治效果均达到80％以上,且具有一定的增产效果,建议在生产上推广应用.[结论]为绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的化学防治提供了理论依据.     

Evaluation of treatment and prophylaxis with nitrofurans and comparison with alternative antimicrobial agents in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis infection in chicks

The ability of the nitrofuran antimicrobial agents furazolidone and furaltadone to prevent, reduce or eliminate Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis PT4 infection in artificially challenged day-old chicks was evaluated. Treating the birds with the nitrofurans failed to eliminate established infections with either furazolidone-resistant (Fz^R) or furazolidone-sensitive (Fz^S) strains. Simultaneous administration of the nitrofurans to day-old chicks challenged with Fz^S failed to prevent infection but reduced colonization significantly (p<0.05) compared to unmedicated controls. No reduction of colonization occurred with Fz^R. Challenging birds with Fz^S and simultaneous dosing with nitrofurans for 1 week, followed by a second week of continued treatment, resulted in an increase in the level of colonization in the second week rather than a decrease. Dosing with the nitrofurans (200 ppm) for 1 week prior to challenge with Fz and continued medication for a further week prevented colonization of the caecum, liver and spleen. However, cessation of dosing at the time of challenge with salmonella resulted in colonization. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at concentrations of 200 ppm were both independently capable of preventing colonization by salmonella. Sulphadiazine initially reduced colonization but failed to eliminate the infection. Only when furazolidone was combined with chloramphenicol or when sulphadiazine was combined with trimethoprim, and the combined drugs were administered concurrently with the challenge, was colonization prevented.     

Erythrocyte migration and gap formation in rabbit blood clots in vitro

Thrombolytic agents must be carried by the blood circulation to thrombi to exert their functions. Structural gaps exist between blood vessels and thrombi or in the area surrounding thrombi. Therefore, information about fundamental gap formation at thrombotic areas is critically important for thrombolytic therapy. We previously reported that t-PA accelerates the activities of bovine erythrocytes and hemoglobin (Hb) towards bovine plasminogen activation. Here, we examined gap generation by observing morphological changes during thrombolytic processes in rabbit blood clots deformation of erythrocytes from blood clots and Hb transfer from erythrocytes to serum in vitro. Rabbit venous blood samples (1 ml) were stored under sterile conditions in glass tubes at 37°C for 2, 24, 48 h, 1, and 2 weeks. We examined clot diameter, erythrocyte diameter and number as well as Hb volume in the serum, as well as histological changes in the clots. The diameter of blood clots did not change until 2 weeks after sampling. Erythrocyte diameter decreased within 48 h and at 2 weeks after sampling at the clot surface (p < 0.001) and interior (p < 0.001). The number of erythrocytes in the serum started to increase starting from 24 h after sampling (p < 0.01). Serum Hb volume also gradually increased from 24 h until 2 weeks after sampling (p < 0.01). The erythrocyte envelope became disrupted and cytoplasm started to flow through pores into the serum at 24 h. The results indicated that blood clots are reduced due to clot retraction, erythrocyte dissociation and cytoplasm leakage without a distinct fibrinolytic reaction. These results indicated that gaps start to form between 2 and 24 h after blood clotting.     

浸渍用三聚氰胺树脂固化时间影响因素的研究

分析了浸渍用三聚氰胺树脂的性能指标、固化剂种类及用量、环境温度等对其固化时间的影响。研究发现：浸渍MF原胶的性能（pH、固含量、游离甲醛等）均不同程度影响树脂的固化速度;不同种类的固化剂及其添加量,浸渍MF固化反应存在明显差异;原纸的pH值和环境温度影响MF树脂的固化反应。     

Observations on the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide in the horse--a dose-response study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade of rocuronium bromide and its associated haemodynamic effects at three doses in healthy horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized experimental study. ANIMALS: Seven adult horses aged 3-20 (mean 10.3) years and weighing 466 +/- 44 (mean +/- SD) kg. METHODS: Horses were anaesthetized three times with at least 2 weeks between. They were pre-medicated with 0.6 mg kg(-1) xylazine and 0.01 mg kg(-1) butorphanol i.v.. Anaesthesia was induced with 2.2 mg kg(-1) ketamine and 0.1 mg kg(-1) diazepam i.v.. Following orotracheal intubation anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation was initiated and the horses were ventilated at a respiratory rate (fr) of 4-8 breaths minute(-1). Neuromuscular function was monitored with an acceleromyograph. The peroneal nerve was stimulated with train-of-four (TOF) mode at 2 Hz every 15 seconds. Each horse received, in randomly assigned order, one of the three doses of rocuronium: 0.2 mg kg(-1) (D02), 0.4 mg kg(-1) (D04) or 0.6 mg kg(-1) (D06) i.v.. Lag time, onset time, time of no response, duration of action and the TOF ratio 0.7 and 0.9 were measured. Recovery time (T1(25-75)) was calculated. Vital parameters were recorded at 5-minute intervals on a standard anaesthetic record form. RESULTS: Rocuronium produced a dose-dependent duration of action in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses. 100% block was observed in D04 and D06 but not in D02, in which the maximum decrease of the first twitch of TOF attained was 91.5 +/- 16.5%. Time to T1(25) was 13.1 +/- 5.5 minutes, 38.6 +/- 10.1 minutes and 55 +/- 9.8 minutes in D02, D04 and D06 respectively. There was a significantly shorter time for TOFR 0.9 with 0.2 mg kg(-1) compared with 0.4 and 0.6 mg kg(-1) rocuronium. T1(25-75) in D04 and D6 was not statistically significantly different. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure increased slightly during the observation period. CONCLUSION: Rocuronium is an effective nondepolarizing muscle relaxant in horses under isoflurane anaesthesia. It had a dose-dependent onset and duration of action. Rocuronium did not produce significant changes in the measured cardiovascular parameters.     

滩涂互花米草除治技术研究

针对福建沿海滩涂外来物种互花米草疯长成灾问题,通过使用滩涂米草除控剂、种植秋茄等方法对互花米草进行除治技术研究,结果表明:在4-7月退潮后,用滩涂米草除控剂300-400 g稀水10 kg液均匀喷湿互花米草茎叶,2个月后叶枯根烂,次年4月下旬在除草迹地插植秋茄胚轴,幼树长势良好,为建设海峡西岸滩涂绿色屏障提供技术支撑.     

Involvement of Cylindrocarpon destructans in root death of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: Pathogenic behaviour and predisposing factors

The common rhizospheric fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans was investigated in relation to its role in root death of Pinus sylvestris in Nordic nurseries and plantations. Laboratory methods were developed for studying similar root problems as well as the early effects of phytotoxicity and fungal infection. Seedlings grown under standardized optimal conditions were exposed to controlled stress (known to occur in nurseries), with or without C. destructans in the rhizosphere. Low light conditions, anaerobic root environment, and fungicide treatment were each found to predispose pine seedlings to invasion by the pathogen. The pathogen was very sensitive to competition as well as antagonism on the root, and fungicide‐induced inhibition of antagonists such as Trichoderma spp. also increased the severity of attack by the pathogen. To compete successfully, the pathogen would have to invade and dominate weakened roots prior to the arrival of saprophytes. Toxic metabolites produced by the pathogen weakened or killed nearby root tissues, and pathogen metabolites seemed to prevent saprophytes from taking hold in the infected roots. Such heavily infected, dead roots may act as inoculum sources allowing the pathogen to invade adjacent living roots, even healthy ones. Dead roots left in nursery soil after earlier harvests may act as reservoirs of inoculum for long periods and pose a threat to new plants.     

方便面调味料的营养与安全评价

通过对方便面调味料粉包成分的分析,了解方便面调味料品质,正确引导消费者的健康饮食。结果表明,15种方便面调味粉包的水分含量都小于4%,脂肪含量为0.2%～2%,蛋白质含量大于7%,VC含量小于2mg/100g;重金属铅和铜的含量分别为0.076～2.51mg/kg和0.05～1.67mg/kg,微生物未被检出。这说明调味料粉包总体营养合适,污染少,是一种安全的调味料。质量上等调味料粉包的水分、脂肪含量适宜,蛋白质、维生素含量高,微生物、重金属含量低。