几种生防药剂对草莓白粉病的田间防效

[目的]测定并评价5种生防药剂对草莓白粉病的防治效果,优选草莓白粉病生防药剂。[方法]以百菌清为对照药剂,于2014年在安徽省长丰县草莓种植基地研究5种生防药剂(枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡质芽孢杆菌和井冈·枯芽菌)对草莓白粉病的防治效果。[结果]供试的5种生防药剂对草莓白粉病均有较好的防治效果,持效性好。[结论]供试的5种生防药剂在草莓生产中可替代化学药剂防治草莓白粉病,降低化学农药使用量和草莓产品农药残留风险。     

Rapid testing methods for food contaminants and toxicants

Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures,long analysis time,large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review,we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents,toxic ions,pesticides,veterinary drugs and preservatives,as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid,accurate,easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.     

小麦生理型雄性不育花药中能量相关基因的表达

为揭示小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生理型雄性不育机理,以化学杂交剂SQ-1为诱导剂,构建了普通小麦西农1376不育和可育生理系,用RT-PCR技术分析了3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)和NFUDP4基因在不同发育时期的不育和可育花药中的表达差异.结果表明,与同期对照相比,GAPDH和NFUDP4基因在不育花药单核期到三核期均下调表达,其中在大量花粉粒败育的单核期,GAPDH下调表达尤为显著.因此,小麦生理型雄性不育花药败育过程中,一方面由于GAPDH基因表达受抑制,使糖酵解受阻导致能量供应不足;另一方面,NFUDP4基因下调表达,可能引起线粒体某一Fe-S族蛋白装配需要的分子骨架减少而使其数量不足,从而可能引起Fe-S族蛋白参与的生化反应减弱,如呼吸链电子传递受阻引起能量供应不足,与小麦生理型雄性不育具有一定关系.     

植物精油抗菌乳状液涂膜对鸡蛋的保鲜效果

为了延长鸡蛋的保藏期,采用牛至、大蒜、生姜、丁香提取油分别复配成抗菌乳状液对鸡蛋进行涂膜保鲜试验,在5周的贮藏期间,通过对鸡蛋各项感官指标和内部品质指标变化的分析发现,上述植物精油乳状液保鲜剂保鲜效果均优于对照组,尤其以牛至精油乳状液与丁香精油乳状液保鲜效果最好。经牛至精油乳状液和丁香精油乳状液涂膜保鲜过的鸡蛋,在30℃,80%～90%相对湿度情况下,好蛋率为100%,失重率分别为2.824%和2.656%,蛋黄系数为0.1965和0.2129,哈夫单位为40.311和41.312。     

Use of mycophenolate mofetil as a rescue agent in the treatment of severe generalized myasthenia gravis in three dogs

Objective – To describe the use of IV and oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as adjunctive therapy in 3 dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis.
Case Series Summary – Three dogs suffering from severe generalized myasthenia gravis as confirmed by acetylcholine antibody titers were treated with MMF as part of their treatment regimens. All 3 dogs had radiographic evidence of megaesophagus and suffered from severe regurgitation. Each dog was initially treated with pyridostigmine and supportive agents. When clinical remission was not achieved, IV MMF was administered to all dogs. Signs of clinical remission were apparent within 48 hours and all dogs were later maintained on oral MMF following resolution of regurgitation.
New or Unique Information Provided – This is the first report of the use of IV MMF as adjunctive treatment in dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis. Outcome was favorable in all 3 dogs and no adverse effects were noted from the MMF.     

壳聚糖对丰都红心柚保鲜效果的影响

采用H202氧化降解法制备相对分子质量(Mw)为1 500～2000的低分子质量壳聚糖.先用有益微生物制剂100液浸果2 min,再用浓度为1.5%的低分子质量壳聚糖涂膜保鲜丰都红心柚.试验结果表明,在常温和普通民房贮藏条件下贮藏100天,其烂果率为9.2%、干疤率为10.3%,防腐保鲜效果优于化学防腐保鲜剂.     

发酵菌剂对烟用饼肥降解及肥效的影响

探讨3种菌剂（＂爱田1号菌剂＂、＂神采肥料活性剂＂、＂BM烟草增香剂＂）对烟用饼肥腐熟度、氮损失率及蛋白氮降解率的影响,利用＂好气培养间歇淋洗法＂及幼苗盆栽试验考察相应饼肥短期内（35 d）在土壤中的有机氮矿化率和肥效。结果表明：不同菌剂处理对饼肥腐熟度及蛋白氮降解率存在显著影响,添加＂爱田1号菌剂＂或＂BM烟草增香剂＂有利于提高饼肥腐熟度及蛋白氮降解率;与饼粕原料相比较,经腐解制得的饼肥短期内（35 d）在土壤中的有机氮矿化能力和肥效明显提高,但添加＂神采肥料活性剂＂制得饼肥的有机氮矿化率和肥效相对较低。在堆制烟用饼肥的过程中适当添加＂爱田1号菌剂＂或＂BM烟草增香剂＂,烟田施用后有利于有机氮的快速释放,减少烟株生长后期由于土壤奢量供氮而影响烟叶适时落黄成熟的风险。     

保水剂对大豆生长发育的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了保水剂与化肥配合施用对大豆生长发育、产量以及对土壤速效养分变化的影响。结果表明,保水剂与化肥配合施用后,株高、茎粗均增加,植株表现出良好的生长势头;在产量构成因子中,百粒重增加1.13~2.40g,其中常规施肥+保水剂0.5kg/667m2处理增产率为16.6%;施入保水剂后,土壤速效养分释放得到了明显的改善,达到了缓释作用。     

方便面调味料的营养与安全评价

通过对方便面调味料粉包成分的分析,了解方便面调味料品质,正确引导消费者的健康饮食。结果表明,15种方便面调味粉包的水分含量都小于4%,脂肪含量为0.2%～2%,蛋白质含量大于7%,VC含量小于2mg/100g;重金属铅和铜的含量分别为0.076～2.51mg/kg和0.05～1.67mg/kg,微生物未被检出。这说明调味料粉包总体营养合适,污染少,是一种安全的调味料。质量上等调味料粉包的水分、脂肪含量适宜,蛋白质、维生素含量高,微生物、重金属含量低。