‘金艳’猕猴桃果实生长规律及不同采收期对其品质的影响

以‘金艳’猕猴桃为材料,研究其果实生长动态规律及不同采收期(谢花后153 d、168 d、183 d和198 d)(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)的软果品质。结果表明：金艳猕猴桃在凉山州西昌市一般4月中旬进入盛花期;在生育期内,果实尺寸(纵、横径)呈前期逐渐增大,后期趋于平稳的变化,谢花后59 d内为果实快速膨大期,谢花后101 d进入生长缓滞期;随采收期延迟,果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质和糖酸比呈逐渐升高的趋势;早期采收(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质、糖酸比和总氨基酸偏低,淀粉和粗纤维较高;晚期采收(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)果实软熟时可溶性固形物、干物质、糖酸比较高,淀粉和粗纤维较低,风味更浓,口感更佳;Ⅳ期维生素C和总氨基酸含量最高,但采收较晚不利于当年鲜果销售;若作为鲜果,其最佳采收期为Ⅲ期,Ⅱ期和Ⅳ期可作为备选采收期;作为保健品加工原料,最佳采收期为Ⅳ期。     

不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响

以福建余甘主栽品种‘粉甘’果实为材料,研究不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：随着采收期的延迟和果实成熟度的提高,余甘果皮颜色由青绿色逐渐变成黄绿色,果核颜色由深绿色变成棕褐色,果实重量和大小逐渐增加,果实可食率和营养品质提高。可用果实重量和大小、果形指数、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、果实可食率作为确定余甘果实采收成熟度的参数。同时,不同采收期对余甘果实的耐贮性影响不同,盛花期后179 d采收的果实耐贮性最好,在常温25±1℃下贮藏16 d后,好果率为91%,失重率为3.51%。     

基于链表的出栈序列生成算法

目的:向栈中依次输入若干字符,输出所有不同的出栈序列.方法:根据栈后进先出的特征,采用链表确定字符进栈的所有时刻序列,输出字符的所有出栈序列.结果:抛开烦琐的组合数学证明,充分利用数据结构中链表、栈来解决出栈序列问题,并用c 程序描述了该算法.结论:从进栈出栈具有时刻先后关系出发,解决出栈序列问题,算法理解更为简单直观.     

扁穗雀麦种子成熟过程生理响应及适宜收获期研究

为探究扁穗雀麦种子成熟过程中的生理响应,明确适宜的收获条件和时间,以扁穗雀麦"江夏"和"黔南"为试验材料,对种子成熟过程中含水量、粒重、贮藏物质、酶活性和ATP进行研究.结果表明,随着种子的成熟,含水量呈持续下降趋势,但最大失水率在品种间有较大差异."江夏"在花后第33～38天失水率最高,每天为4.94％,而"黔南"在...     

运输密度和时间对单环刺螠保活运输品质的影响

为探讨单环刺螠无水保活运输的适宜密度和时间,通过分析对照组、低密度组、中密度组和高密度组单环刺螠的生理应激和品质指标,考察了在4°C条件下,不同运输密度和时间对单环刺螠的影响。试验结果表明,在所有试验时间点,3个密度组单环刺螠的皮质醇含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,胁迫24 h后,持水力和乳酸含量与对照组相比均发生显著变化（P<0.05）;运输密度胁迫对葡萄糖含量的影响较大,12～60 h,高密度组葡萄糖含量均显著高于低密度组和中密度组（P<0.05）;而36和60 h,各密度组之间超氧化物歧化酶活力没有显著差异（P>0.05）;各组丙二醛含量变化与超氧化物歧化酶变化趋势相同。在单环刺螠的保活运输过程中,推荐中运输密度<1.0 kg/L、运输时间<24 h,可以更好地保持单环刺螠的品质。     

思茅松无性系种子园花期观察初报

通过对思茅松种子园16个无性系花期观察,结果表明:①球花在开放过程中有明显的外部形态特征和颜色变化,单个雄球花序和整个雄球花序簇开放是从基部至顶部;雌球花开放是由花顶部至基部开放,闭合时顺序相反。②不同无性系间雌雄球花期起止时间和持续时间存在一定的差异;多数无性系内散粉期与授粉期具有同步性,散粉期包含于授粉期内。③同一无性系内不同分株间花期同步性较好。④同一植株不同方位花期差异不明显,而不同层次雌球花有一定的差异,雄球花差异不大。     

气候变化对临沂冬小麦主要生育期的影响及适播期研究

为了研究气候变化对临沂市冬小麦生产的影响,确定合理播期和适宜的田间管理措施。利用2001—2021年临沂市气象资料和农业农村部门苗情调查数据,同时参考1962—2000年临沂市历史天气数据,采用线性趋势性预测对小麦生育期温度、积温以及主要生育期日期和持续时间进行变化规律分析。结果表明:临沂市冬小麦适播期和各生育期均对气候变化发生了不同的响应,适播期为10月8—19日,最佳播期为10月11—14日;分蘖期出现反复降温频率变高,促进了小麦冬前抗寒锻炼,利于形成壮苗;冬前积温增多和越冬期延迟,间接推迟了适播期,为上一季玉米晚收创造了条件;返青大幅提前和返青后积温显著增加,大幅缩短了小麦停止生长和越冬时间,增加了冬小麦实际生长时间,有利于冬小麦苗情转化;拔节期大幅提前,使小麦更容易遭受晚霜冻(冷)害和倒春寒;4月和5月温度下降为小麦抽穗、扬花、灌浆提供了更好的气候条件,特别是5月温度下降既减少了干热风的发生机率又利于小麦后期灌浆。确定了临沂市冬小麦适播期,为小麦全生育期田间管理和高产栽培提供了依据。     

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.     

咖啡湿法发酵中使用果胶酶对脱胶时间与杯品质量的影响

以云南阿拉比卡咖啡为原料,在咖啡湿法发酵环节中加入Pectinex Ultra SP-L果胶酶进行脱胶,并对加工出的咖啡豆进行理化及感官分析。结果表明：与自然发酵脱胶相比,果胶酶脱胶能缩短脱胶时间,有效快速脱除咖啡果胶。其脱胶时间与果胶酶的浓度、脱胶温度、鲜果成熟度呈正相关。与自然发酵脱胶相比,果胶酶脱胶所得咖啡豆的内含物质无显著差异,杯品质量干净稳定。就咖啡豆的杯品质量而言,0.01%果胶酶添加量脱胶处理要高于自然发酵脱胶,而添加量为1.00%、0.10%果胶酶脱胶处理略低于自然发酵脱胶。综上所述,果胶酶脱胶能保证咖啡品质的稳定性及提高咖啡加工效率,具有应用前景。     

Effect of Pheromone Blend Components,Sex Ratio,and Population Size on the Mating of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs.