银杏半同胞家系种苗性状变异及苗期选择

为探讨银杏家系主要性状的遗传变异规律，为苗期选择提供依据，对40个银杏半同胞家系的种苗性状进行了研究。结果表明：银杏半同胞家系种苗性状遗传力较高，不同家系间存在着不同程度的变异，家系内变异较小，种苗性状作为苗期选择的指标是可行的。随苗龄的增长，家系间在生长性状上的变异和分化有加大的趋势，银杏分枝类型的数量比例也会发生变化，由幼龄时长枝占优势会逐渐转变为成龄短枝占优势。银杏家系种子大小能反映该家系在苗期的生长表现，种子愈大，苗期生长量愈大。     

18年生尾巨桉无性系木材纤维形态和基本密度变异研究

对18年生尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophlla×E．grandis）无性系木材纤维特征与基本密度进行研究,通过测定木材的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径、木材基本密度,分析结果表明：木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、壁厚、壁腔比在树干径向方向由髓心向外有逐渐增大的规律。纤维长度与基本密度之间呈显著的负相关,纤维宽...     

Characterization of the morphological,physical, and mechanical properties of seven nonwood plant fiber bundles

The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nonwood plant fiber bundles of ramie, pineapple, sansevieria, kenaf, abaca, sisal, and coconut fiber bundles were investigated. All fibers except those of coconut fiber had noncircular cross-sectional shapes. The crosssectional area of the fiber bundles was evaluated by an improved method using scanning electron microscope images. The coefficient factor defined as the ratio of the cross-sectional area determined by diameter measurement, to the cross-sectional area determined by image analysis was between 0.92 and 0.96 for all fibers. This indicated that the area determined by diameter measurement was available. The densities of the fiber bundles decreased with increasing diameters. The diameters of each fiber species had small variation of around 3.4%-9.8% within a specimen. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of ramie, pineapple, and sansevieria fiber bundles showed excellent values in comparison with the other fibers. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter of fiber bundles.     

北枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维的制备及其性能特性研究(英文)

对枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的化学法提取工艺、双氧水脱色工艺进行了研究,并对产品的营养成分和功能性质进行分析。通过单因素及正交试验确定最佳的化学法提取工艺为:以液料比为8∶1(mL∶g)、浓度为1.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,在20℃条件下处理40min后过滤,冲洗至中性,然后取滤渣转移至液料比为6∶1(mL∶g)、pH值2的硫酸溶液中,60℃下作用60min,冲洗至中性,干燥。不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为74.02%,质量分数由果渣中的62.62%(干基计)提高到84.97%;双氧水脱色的最佳工艺条件为:5%H2O2、pH值12、45℃、5h,在此条件下不溶性膳食纤维的白度由51.63%增加到60.21%;制备的膳食纤维产品的持水力由果渣中2.4g/g增加到4.3g/g、持油率由2.3mL/g增加到3.9mL/g、结合水力由2.6g/g增加到4.7g/g、膨胀力由2.8mL/g增加到4.6mL/g。     

尾巨桉树皮率及树皮纤维尺寸的变异研究

以广西贵港市平天山林场5年生、6年生和7年生的尾巨桉为对象,分析了不同树龄尾巨桉的树皮率和树皮纤维尺寸的株内变异特性。结果表明:尾巨桉的体积树皮率和重量树皮率均随着树干高度的增加而逐渐减小。树皮纤维长度随着树干高度的增加略有增加,但变化幅度不大;树皮纤维宽度、双壁厚度和壁腔比均随树干高度的增加而减小;树皮纤维长宽比则随树干高度的增加而增加。方差分析表明,不同树龄间尾巨桉树皮纤维长度和长宽比差异极显著,壁腔比差异不显著。     

17个红锥种源生长、干形及木材基本密度变异分析

对全国红锥主要分布区17个种源的生长性状、干形性状及木材基本密度进行了测定,分析了不同产地红锥生长及干材的遗传变异情况。树高、胸径、单株材积、高径比、通直度、尖削度、枝下高、树皮厚度及木材基本密度在不同种源间均存在显著差异,而明显度和圆满度在种源间的差异不显著。性状变异系数幅度在3.0%～41.9%之间。依据多性状选择指数,初步筛选出41、33、15、32和11号这5个综合表现优良的种源。     

Quantitative Estimation of Genetic Variability in Morphological Characteristics of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) Clones

The study was carried out to analyze the genetic variability for different growth parameters in poplar clones at the age of 2 and 3 yr in the nursery. Forty-nine exotic and indigenous clones of poplar were evaluated for eight morphological traits. Clones were planted in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications with four clones in a block in each treatment. Observations for different characters were recorded on six selected competitive clones per genotype. Results showed a high interclonal variability for most parameters. Statistically significant differences among clones indicated that the majority of study characters are controlled by genetic factors, specific to each clone. Highly significant genotypic difference supported by wide range of variation of mean and range values were observed for the characters under study. Significant and positive correlation was observed between diameter at breast height (DBH) and plant height. Leaf lamina length showed positive and significant correlation with petiole length, total leaf length, leaf width, and L/B ratio. Total leaf length showed positive and significant correlation with leaf width and L/B ratio. High estimates of heritability (in a broad sense) were observed for almost all characters in the study. High genetic advance expressed as percent of mean was recorded for petiole length (60.90), followed by plant height (60.78) and collar diameter (44.19) at 2 yr. At the age of 3 yr, genetic advance was found maximum for petiole length (60.05), followed by collar diameter (47.62) and plant height (45.29). The efforts for selecting new clones and their field-testing must continue under a long-term improvement plan so that the best clones can be recommended for plantations and hybridization programs.     

杂交水稻茎秆性状的胞质配合力及遗传力分析

为了研究不同不育胞质对杂交水稻茎秆性状的影响,选用生产上常用的5个杂交水稻不育胞质与5个高配合力恢复系,采用NCII模式研究株高及基部节间性状的亲本配合力、方差贡献率及遗传力。结果表明:杂交水稻胞质效应和恢复系效应在各性状中均达到显著或极显著差异水平,茎秆性状受基因型与环境互作效应的共同影响,重穗型和穗数型恢复系对各性状的一般配合力效应相差较大,JW型胞质基部节长的一般配合力效应值较野败型(WA型)低,而其直径和壁厚的一般配合力效应值则高于野败型胞质。结论:杂交水稻JW型胞质在保证茎秆充足的生物量积累的同时抗倒伏能力方面优于野败型胞质。     

渤海黑牛BOLA-DQA2基因SNPs多态性与生长性状的关联性分析

本试验采用PCR-SSCP方法对渤海黑牛BOLA-DQA2基因的编码区进行分析,研究渤海黑牛BOLA-DQA2基因多态性与生产性状的关系。研究表明,外显子1和外显子5处没有发现多态性位点,外显子2处发现两个多态位点产生4种基因型,外显子3处发现1个多态位点产生3种基因型,外显子4处发现1个多态位点产生3种基因型。外显子2中基因型AA所对应的个体头长、额宽、体高、十字部高显著高于基因型BB、AB、BC(P<0.05),其它生长性状均无显著差异。外显子3、外显子4中生产性状在AA、BB、AB这3种基因型上均无显著差异。DQA2外显子2中等位基因A对渤海黑牛的生产性状起关键作用,可以为渤海黑牛品种选育提供一定的参考。     

北方粳稻产量及产量构成因素相关特性研究

为探讨水稻高产育种因素,以牡丹江31、牡丹江30等10个粳稻品种为试材,在大田条件下分析了不同类型粳稻品种产量差异,产量构成因素以及干物质生产特性。结果表明:在参试的水稻品种中,高产品种牡丹江30拥有最大的穗长和二次枝梗数,每穗颖花数较高,千粒重也比较大,使得牡丹江30在每穴穗数较少、成粒率一般的情况下仍获得了最高的产量。说明穗长、二次枝梗数、颖花数和千粒重是决定牡丹江30高产的主要因素。