家兔选育性状典型相关分析

选择日本大耳白和新西兰两个品种家兔的生长、繁殖、以及体尺3组共17个性状，应用多元统计方法进行了典型相关分析，结果表明；日本大耳白兔的初生重、初生窝重、21日龄重、泌乳力、胸围等5个性状，新西兰兔的产活仔数、初生重、21日龄重、泌乳力、断奶窝重、母兔体重等6个性状为主要性状。     

加热光纤法同步测定土壤水热参数误差分析

土壤水热参数是研究土壤水热传输的基本物理参数。当前热脉冲探针法（HPP）可同步测定土壤水热参数,但该方法仅限于在点尺度下测定。与其具有相同理论基础的加热光纤法（SPHP-DTS）,可将测定尺度增大至田间千米尺度,但其测定精度尚未得到有效验证。为了探知SPHP-DTS法的误差,本研究进行了SPHP-DTS法与HPP法测定土壤水热参数的对比试验。结果表明,以HPP为标准,加热光纤法测定热导率的精度RMSE为0.13 W?m-1?℃-1。SPHP-DTS法测定的热导率显著高于HPP法,主要原因在于加热光纤时产生的温度效应。通过热导率法测定土壤含水率时,在热导率测定误差的影响下,SPHP-DTS法的测定精度明显低于HPP法。SPHP-DTS法测定土壤水热参数的其他误差来源包括光纤与土壤之间多个界面的接触热阻、光纤的温度敏感性、噪音干扰以及温度梯度驱动下的水分迁移。本研究可为SPHP-DTS法提升土壤水热参数测定精度提供理论参考。     

Genetic mapping and utilization of quantitative trichome-mediated insect resistance in potato

Introgression of trichome-mediated insect resistance from the wild speciesSolanum berthaultii has become a major focus of the potato improvement program at Cornell University during the past twelve years. Several quantitative characters are involved in this resistance which is effective against a wide range of pest types. Correlative biochemical assays have been developed to assay specific components of the resistance, and the effects of the resistance on the target pests have been studied. Quantitative laboratory assays and specific measurements of insect behavior and biology have increased the precision of selection and enable the investigation of the genetic control of the resistance.We are currently using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for genetic mapping of factors controlling the trichome traits fromS. berthaultii. Backcrosses to both the wild and the cultivated species parents have been evaluated for phenotypes contributing to the resistance mechanism, including trichome density, sucrose ester and polyphenol oxidase production by the trichomes, and the enzymatic browning reaction responsible for insect entrapment. Genetic maps are being developed for these progenies, using RFLP markers previously mapped in potato. Field and greenhouse trials under insect infestations are also being conducted with the mapping progeny. Our goal is to locate genes responsible for quantitative insect resistance by correlating RFLP variation at mapped loci with the trichome phenotypes and insect resistance. Genetic markers for these traits will be useful in transfer of the effective wild chromosomal segments into and among tetraploid potatoes, and for a better understanding of the resistance mechanism.     

肉用禽育种中应使用的主要屠宰性状指标的探讨

通过对不同周龄、品种的肉鸡、肉鸭屠宰数据进行分析,发现体重、屠宰重、全净膛重、半净膛重、胴体重这几个指标之间呈高度相关(R＞0.94,P＜0.0001),说明可以把这几个指标合并为一个指标,考虑到育种公司测定的实际需求,建议用屠宰重代替全净膛重、半净膛重.由于腿肌重与腿重呈显著相关,用腿重来代替腿肌重,可以大幅度简化育种工作,提高育种效率.本研究认为可以用宰前体重、腿重、胸肌重、腹脂重作为肉用禽屠宰测定的主要指标,为了计算相关的率,可以考虑测量屠宰重指标.     

The basic mechanism of increased microvascular permeability

The increased microvascular permeability appears mainly in venule during inflammation, shock, and burns. Endothelial cells play an important role in venule permeability enhancement. There are two kinds of pathway for macromolecule extravasation. One is paracellular pathway and another is transcellular pathway, which are related to the formation of endothelial gap or transcellular openings seperately. The alteration of intercellular related protein, such as occludin, claudin, zona occludens (ZO), junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), VE cadherin, catenin, integrin, etc, and the alteration of endothelial cytoskeleton, such as rearrangement of actin filament, formation of stress fiber and focal adhesion, etc, involve in the pathogenesis of increased microvascular permeability.     

Variation of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to soil quality: implications for invasiveness

Summary The performance of Parthenium hysterophorus , native to the tropical Americas and invasive to several countries, was evaluated for response to soil quality. Phenological (six stages) and quantitative growth variables [relative growth rates in height (R_h) and diameter (R_d)] were measured every fortnight. Based on harvest data, the variables, root:shoot (R:S) ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate in biomass (R_w), net assimilation rate (NAR) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. High clay content in soils prolonged the rosette stage, enhanced R_h and R_d and hampered root growth, but promoted biomass allocation to shoots. The extreme degree of plant mortality was observed, with only 33.3% individuals surviving to reproduce in the soils with highest clay contents. This appears to be one of the most important findings that certainly has a major bearing on the range of adaptation of the weed. Seed mass declined whereas seed production increased in relatively coarser soils with the exception of nearly pure sand. In soils rich in clay, plants produced a smaller number of larger seeds. These data suggest that variation in fundamental functional traits would enable P. hysterophorus to adjust to a variety of habitat conditions.     

四川省外种猪雌激素受体基因对繁殖和生长性状的影响

本试验以四川省外种母猪的 3个品种 (大约克、长白、杜洛克 )为研究对象 ,采用PCR RFLPs的方法检测其ESR基因的PvuⅡ多态性 ,分析了该基因与产仔数及生长性状之间的关系。结果表明 :初产胎次中 ,ESR基因型间总产仔数 (TNB)和产活仔数 (NBA)差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,BB和AA纯合子间TNB和NBA分别相差 5 .97和 3.72头 ,基因加性效应分别为每个B基因 2 .98和 1.86头 ;对于经产胎次 ,总产仔数 (TNB)在AA、AB基因型与BB基因型的差异达到 0 .0 1的极显著水平 ,产活仔数 (NBA)在AA基因型与BB基因型间显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,TNB和NBA母猪每窝BB纯合子比AA纯合子分别多 3.6 8和 2 .89头 ,基因的加性效应为每个B基因分别为 1.84和 1.4 4头。头胎和经产胎次中ESR基因型在初生窝重、2 0日龄头数和窝重、30 / 4 5日龄头数和窝重以及 70日龄窝重之间的差异普遍不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但是以上 6个性状在ESR基因的 3种基因型间存在BB >AB >AA的趋势     

饲喂柠条对肉兔生产性能及胴体性状影响的研究

选用45～48日龄平均体重1050g的伊普吕(父系)幼兔64只,分成4组,进行柠条饲喂肉兔试验.对照组饲粮中谷草比例为33.4%,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用10%、20%和33.4%柠条替代等比例谷草.48天试验结果为:对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日均采食量、日增重、料肉比分别为89.84g、92.95g、90.77g、79.95g,22.60g、23.30g、19.24g、17.90g,3.98:1、3.99:1、4.72:1、4.47:1.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组日采食量、日增重、料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05);屠宰试验结果为:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ与对照组在胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏等指标方面无显著差异(P＞0.05);而试验Ⅲ组日采食量、日增重均显著较对照组差(P＜0.05).试验结果表明:生长肉兔饲粮中添加10%～20%柠条粉是可行的,且饲粮成本较低.     

用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵接枝真丝的研究

为提高真丝纤维织物的抗菌防皱性能,根据真丝纤维蛋白质主体的结构,研究了以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)单体接枝真丝的影响因素,并对DMC接枝真丝后的回潮率、单丝强力和泛黄指数进行了研究,用红外光谱分析了接枝真丝的化学结构。当DMC浓度为06mol/L,CAN的质量分数为10%,pH=3,温度60℃保温120min时,接枝效果较好。接枝后回潮率改善,但泛黄指数有上升趋向,单丝强力也有所下降。红外光谱分析表明单体已接枝到真丝纤维上。     

丝兰皂甙对绵羊瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响

选用12只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年雄性东北细毛羊，采用随机区组试验设计，分别饲喂0、100、200、300mg／kg水平丝兰皂甙，研究其对瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响。对试羊采食后的0、2、4、6、8h瘤胃内环境指标进行测定，各组在同一时间点pH无显著差异（P〉0．05），但总体上随着丝兰皂甙添加水平的上升，pH随时间变化有变缓趋势；300mg／kg组较对照组4h和6h乙酸浓度下降15．1％和19．8％，丙酸浓度则提高22．7％和22．9％，差异显著（P〈0．05），各组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度差异不显著（P〉0．05）；100、200、300mg／kg组对氨的抑制率分别为17．17％、29．84％和27．12％，200mg／kg组较对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）；28d后，测定试羊血液生化指标，各组均处正常生理范围内且差异不显著（P〉0．05）。