The distribution of Nematodirus spp. occurring in sheep in New Zealand

Extract

Most outbreaks of parasitic gastro-enteritis in sheep in New Zealand have been ascribed to the presence of nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae, and in particular the genera, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Trichostrongylus. However, during the period 1956–58, a number of outbreaks of disease occurred in lambs and the condition was associated with heavy Neniatodirus infestation. Although Neinatodirus spp. are commonly foundin sheep in this country, only moderate numbers of worms are usually present in any individual and the worm has been regarded as non-pathogenic. Similar views were held in the British Isles until about 1951, when an acute disease condition of lambs, associated with heavy Neniatodirus burdens, caused serious losses.     

犊牛脂肪干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为给奶牛营养代谢病等相关研究提供种子细胞,本试验从犊牛肾周脂肪组织中分离出脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs),采用组织剪碎法结合0.25%Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法消化、收集原代犊牛ADSCs,通过细胞形态学观察,使用免疫荧光染色法检测第5代ADSCs表面特异性蛋白,并使用CCK-8法测定第5、10代细胞生长曲线,观察第10代细胞的成脂、成骨分化能力。结果显示,分离出的犊牛ADSCs接种4 d后细胞呈成纤维细胞样生长;免疫荧光染色结果显示,分离的细胞Vimentin、CD34、CD44、CD90呈阳性,CD31、CD45呈阴性;该细胞在适当的诱导条件下可以定向分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。本试验分离培养的细胞是犊牛脂肪干细胞,具有成脂、成骨分化能力。     

基于精气胎传理论辨治遗传性神经肌肉病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（十）

遗传性神经肌肉病属于胎传疾病,命名为胎传脑病及胎传肌病。通过介绍假肥大型肌营养不良、肾上腺脑白质营养不良、肝豆状核变性、遗传性脑血管病4个医案,阐释了整合各种治法,坚持动态辨证施方,滋其化源,治肾脾为本,并祛除内生诸邪,以减轻或解除部分临床症状,才能提高生存质量。     

水牛胎儿成纤维细胞转染外源基因的初步研究

研究了水牛胎儿成纤维细胞（buffalo fetal fibroblasts,BFF）转染外源基因后的细胞生物学特性。纯化含有绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）和新霉素抗性基因的线性化载体,用脂质体法转染体外培养3代的BFF细胞,应用抗生素G418筛选2周后挑取转基因抗性细胞集落扩大培养。结果发现：经过G418筛选后细胞增殖活力下降,胰蛋白酶消化法共分离获得162个转基因水牛阳性细胞集落,转移到24孔板扩大培养后,132个（85．2％）细胞集落可以存活,转移到4孔板中后仅有52个（32．1％）细胞集落能继续生长,最终能在35mm培养皿中大量培养的只有15个（〈9．3％）。抗性细胞由梭形、成簇生长变为多角形、不规则形弥漫生长,立体感减弱,细胞生长速度减慢,活力下降。染色体核型异常率增加,10个抗性细胞集落核型正常率平均为61％,显著低于对照组86．7％（P〈0．01）。研究结果为建立和优化BFF细胞转染外源基因平台奠定了工作基础。     

Longitudinal identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy calves on a farm in Southern Xinjiang,China

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species responsible for human and animals microsporidiasis. A total of 250 samples were collected weekly from 25 newborn dairy calves of a farm in Southern Xinjiang, China at one to ten weeks of age. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by nested PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.The cumulative prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was 100% (25/25), and the average infection was 52.0% (130/250). The highest infection rate was recorded at six weeks of age (92.0%, 23/25), and no infection was observed at one and two weeks of age. Sequencing analysis showed nine E. bieneusi genotypes (J, EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5) were identified. The highest genetic polymorphism was observed at ten weeks of age. Genotype J was the predominant E. bieneusi genotype. Phylogenetic analysis clustered genotype J into Group 2 and other eight genotypes (EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5), detected in 22 (16.9%, 22/130) samples, into Group 1. Among the genotypes, EbpC, KIN-1, and J have been identified in humans. The highest E. bieneusi infection rate (57.9%, 124/214) was observed in fecal samples with formed feces with no diarrhea (p < 0.01), and high genetic polymorphism was observed in class I fecal samples. The presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes in dairy calves suggests the possibility of transmitting zoonotic infections to humans. It provides the basic data on dynamic change of E. bieneusi in calves.     

Low-dietary protein intake induces problems with glucose homeostasis and results in hepatic steatosis in heavy milk-fed calves

We studied effects of protein intake at two protein-free energy intake levels on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, urinary glucose excretion and on liver and intestinal fat content in milk-fed veal calves. Two experiments were performed at body weights (BW) of 80-160 kg (mean 120 kg; Exp. 1) and 160-240 kg (mean 200 kg; Exp. 2). In each experiment, 36 calves were allocated to one of six protein intake levels, at each of two energy intake levels. Digestible protein intakes ranged between 0.90 and 2.72 g nitrogen (N)/(kg BW(0.75) x d) in Exp. 1 and between 0.54 and 2.22 g N/(kg BW(0.75)x d) in Exp. 2. The two energy intake levels were kept constant on a protein-free basis and were 663 and 851 kJ/(kg BW(0.75) x d) in Exp. 1 and 564 and 752 kJ/(kg BW(0.75)x d) in Exp. 2. Blood samples were taken between 5 and 6h post-feeding at 14-d intervals until calves reached target BW, and liver fat mass was determined at slaughter. Urinary glucose excretion was quantified at 120 and 200 kg BW in Exps. 1 and 2, respectively. Increased protein-free energy intake increased plasma glucose concentrations and urinary glucose losses in 200 kg calves, but not in 120 kg calves. Increasing protein intake decreased plasma glucose, urinary glucose and plasma insulin in both experiments. Liver fat content decreased with increasing protein intake. In conclusion, long-term low-dietary protein intake increased hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucosuria and hepatic steatosis in heavy milk-fed calves, likely associated with increased insulin resistance.     

Cryptosporidiosis in buffalo calves (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>): Prevalence and potential risk factors

The objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis in buffalo calves in Middle Egypt. During one year, 458 fecal samples were collected from buffalo calves less than 3 month age in 55 small scale herds and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Data describing age, gender, season, and herd management practices were gathered to assess potential risk factors. Fecal examination showed that 14.19% of the examined calves were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Calves at 1-15 days were at the highest risk (P < 0.001), and a significant relationship between season and infection (P < 0.05) was recorded. A significant association between infection and hygiene (P < 0.001), type of floor (P < 0.01) and source of water (P < 0.01) was also recorded. Statistical analysis concerning the clinical signs and fecal characteristics revealed a significant association with fecal consistency (P < 0.001), presence of blood (P < 0.01) and mucous (P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant association was found between infection and the desire for suckling (P < 0.05) and tenesmus (P < 0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated the strong relation between infections by Cryptosporidium spp. and diarrhea in buffalo calves.     

猪胎及仔猪消化道发育的研究进展

猪消化道发育的情况直接影响了营养物质的消化吸收与利用,因而找出其发育规律能更好的指导仔猪的饲养管理。本文综述了猪从胚胎到断奶以后消化道组织器官、消化腺分泌、肠道吸收能力的发育情况,为合理配制仔猪日粮及饲养管理等方面提供依据。